Restoration of Temperate Wetlands.

Moore, Peter D.; Wheeler, B. D.; Shaw, S. C.; Fojt, W. J.; Richardson, Rosemary

doi:10.2307/2261369

Cited by 34 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The acrotelm is the uppermost layer of the bog peat, consisting of a fibric layer of organic matter which is produced by the vegetation (mostly Sphagnum mosses) and is progressively broken down. The spongy acrotelm has a high hydraulic conductivity and the ability to retain water in dryer periods, thus having a strong self-regulating effect on the depth of the water table (Ingram, 1978;Proctor, 1995). The acrotelm lies on the permanently anaerobic catotelm, which contains most of the accumulated peat and consists of more or less strongly humified organic matter, with very low hydraulic conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms involved in the re-establishment of Sphagnum-dominated vegetation in rewetted bog remnants

Smolders

Tomassen

Mullekom

et al. 2003

Wetlands Ecology and Management

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Restoration of peat bog vegetation in highly degraded peatlands is generally attempted by improving the hydrology of these areas. The present paper discusses and explains various restoration strategies relating to peat quality, water chemistry and hydrology. In some cases, (shallow) inundation of bog remnants leads to a rapid redevelopment of (floating) Sphagnum vegetation, usually when poorly humified Sphagnum peat is still present. After inundation, the peat either swells up to the newly created water table or becomes buoyant, in both cases creating a favorable substrate for Sphagnum mosses. Bulk density and methane production rate play an important role in the buoyancy of floating peat, methane providing buoyancy to the substrates. The presence of (slightly) calcareous groundwater in the peat base may enhance the development of floating rafts by stimulating decomposition processes. Alternatively, the growth of submerged Sphagnum species can also lead to the development of floating rafts. This depends on the penetration of light into the water layer and the availability of carbon dioxide in the water layer.Many bog remnants, however, only have strongly humified peat, which does not favor the redevelopment of Sphagnum carpets after deep inundation. On the other hand, most peat moss species appear to do very well on surface soaked black peat, which is why shallow inundation (< 0.3 m) is to be preferred in such cases. Compartmentalization of the terrain will probably be necessary to ensure a more or less constant water table.An important prerequisite for the successful restoration of bog remnants is the development of a hydrologically self-regulating acrotelm. Key species involved in this development are Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum papillosum and Sphagnum rubellum. These typical hummock and lawn species are usually very slow colonizers compared to hollow species such as Sphagnum cuspidatum and Sphagnum fallax. Introduction of key species in carpets dominated by hollow species or on bare substrates appears to be very successful, indicating that the main constraint is colonization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms involved in the re-establishment of Sphagnum-dominated vegetation in rewetted bog remnants

Smolders

Tomassen

Mullekom

et al. 2003

Wetlands Ecology and Management

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“…maintaining open vegetation and leaving dung (and in some cases carcasses)—have dramatically decreased in these important ecosystems, further contributing to biodiversity losses (Svenning et al 2016; Biró et al 2019). Ecological restoration aims at reversing these negative trends (Wheeler et al 1995). Here, we evaluate 20 different cross‐regional restoration projects (mainly restoring hydrology) in Denmark to point out the most important factors for ensuring cost‐effective restoration success of natural wetland habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High nutrient loads hinder successful restoration of natural habitats in freshwater wetlands

Moeslund

Andersen

Brunbjerg

et al. 2022

Restoration Ecology

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Restoration of natural processes in ecosystems is key to mitigate the biodiversity crisis. Here, we evaluate 20 Danish stream-valley restoration projects-mainly by rewetting-in terms of successful restoration of natural wetland habitats. We used quadratic discriminant analysis and generalized linear models to compare 80 vegetation plots from the restoration projects with >60,000 natural or semi-natural wetland reference plots. We modeled the influence of time since restoration, grazing, rewetting, and nutrient availability on (1) the probability that study plots belong to natural habitats and (2) their richness of high-quality-habitat indicator species. The probability of a restored wetland having developed into a natural wetland habitat-such as an alkaline fenwas generally below 10%. Also, we found only half as many indicator species in restored wetlands than in reference wetlands and we demonstrated that the number of characteristic alkaline fen species did not deviate from what could be expected under the prevailing nutrient conditions. We found a negative effect of soil nutrient availability on the number of high-quality-habitat indicator species and the lowest probability of plots being natural wetlands in the most nutrient rich plots. The effect of grazing was only positive in the first years after restoration and only in the most nutrient rich plots, while the effect of rewetting sites to historical hydrological conditions was generally negative. Our findings suggest that unnaturally high nutrient availability is probably the core limiting factor for successful restoration of natural wetlands and their associated plant diversity.

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Book review: Hydrology and hydrochemistry of British wetlands, edited by J. Hughes and L. Heathwaite. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1995. No. of pages: 486. Price: £60.00 ISBN 0-471-95759-3.

Bradley

1997

Regul. Rivers: Res. Mgmt.

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Restoration of Temperate Wetlands.

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanisms involved in the re-establishment of Sphagnum-dominated vegetation in rewetted bog remnants

Mechanisms involved in the re-establishment of Sphagnum-dominated vegetation in rewetted bog remnants

High nutrient loads hinder successful restoration of natural habitats in freshwater wetlands

Book review: Hydrology and hydrochemistry of British wetlands, edited by J. Hughes and L. Heathwaite. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1995. No. of pages: 486. Price: £60.00 ISBN 0-471-95759-3.

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