Restoration of the jejunal mucosa in rats refed after prolonged fasting

Dunel‐Erb, Suzanne; Chevalier, Claudine; Laurent, Pierre; Bach, André; Decrock, Frédéric; Maho, Yvon Le

doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00360-9

Cited by 96 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla, small intestinal mass and villus height are reduced by 45% and 18%, respectively, after a 2-day fast, in rats by 42% and 30% after a 5-day fast, and in garter snakes Thamnophis sirtalis by 38% and 50% after a 4-week fast (Dunel-Erb et al, 2001;Starck and Beese, 2002;Karasov et al, 2004). Feeding rapidly reverses intestinal atrophy by triggering the hypertrophy of enterocytes, which quickly restores intestinal mass to prefeeding levels (Dunel-Erb et al, 2001;Karasov et al, 2004).…”

Section: Trophic Responses Of the Intestine And Other Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive regulation of digestive performance in the genusPython

Ott

Secor

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe integration of a species' ecology and physiology is exemplified in the adaptive interplay between their feeding ecology and digestive physiology (Karasov and Diamond, 1988;McWilliams et al., 1997;Secor, 2005a). A well-known example of this is the adaptive correlation between food habits (i.e. herbivory and carnivory) and the morphology and function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract of herbivores is typically longer than that of carnivores and possesses specialized regions for the fermentation of plant material (Stevens and Hume, 1995;Karasov and Hume, 1997;Mackie, 2002). Equally apparent is how organisms are able to face routine fluctuations in the amount and type of food consumed due to seasonal changes in food availability, ontogenetic shifts in diet, reproductive status and alternating foraging and feeding strategies (O'Brien et al., 1989;Stergiou and Fourtouni, 1991;Koertner and Heldmaier, 1995;Johnson et al., 2001). In response to such shifts in feeding habits, and thus digestive demand, species modulate gut performance to match pace with digestive load (Hammond and Diamond, 1994;Piersma and Lindström, 1997;Weiss et al., 1998). The plasticity of GI performance is manifested in morphological restructuring and/or functional regulation at the cellular level (Ferraris, 1994;Carey, 1990;Secor, 2005a).The adaptive capacity to regulate digestive performance in response to changes in digestive demand is well expressed by amphibian and reptile species that naturally experience long episodes of fasting (Secor, 2005a). Anurans that estivate during dry seasons and snakes that employ the sit-and-wait tactic of foraging, and thus eat infrequently, severely downregulate GI performance upon the completion of digestion, maintain a quiescent gut while fasting, and with feeding, rapidly upregulate digestive performance (Secor and Diamond, 2000;Secor, 2005b). The benefit of this trait is observed as a reduction in energy expenditure during the bouts of fasting. For example, during estivation, the metabolic rates of anurans are depressed by 70%, and the standard metabolic rates (SMR) of sit-and-wait foraging snakes are 47% less than that of active foraging snakes that only modestly regulate GI performance with feeding and fasting (Guppy and Withers, 1999;Secor and Diamond, 2000).For sit-and-wait foraging snakes, the correlation between infrequent feeding and wide regulation of intestinal performance has been investigated for only four speciesThe adaptive interplay between feeding habits and digestive physiology is demonstrated by the Burmese python, which in response to feeding infrequently has evolved the capacity to widely regulate gastrointestinal performance with feeding and fasting. To explore the generality of this physiological trait among pythons, we compared the postprandial responses of metabolism and both intestinal morphology and function among five members of the genus Python: P. brongersmai, P. molurus, P. regius, P. reticulatus and P. sebae. These infrequently feeding pythons inhabi...

show abstract

Section: Trophic Responses Of the Intestine And Other Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive regulation of digestive performance in the genusPython

Ott

Secor

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10c). (McLeese and Moon, 1989), amphibians (Cramp and Franklin, 2003), reptiles , birds (Hume and Biebach, 1996), and mammals (Dunel-Erb et al, 2001). In these cases, fasting results in an overall decrease in mucosal mass, a shortening of the villi, and to some extent, a reduction of enterocyte width.…”

Section: Small Intestine Brush Bordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial morphological response of the intestinal epithelium of the Burmese python (Python molurus)

Lignot

Helmstetter

Secor

2005

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The postprandial morphological changes of the intestinal epithelium of Burmese pythons were examined using fasting pythons and at eight time points after feeding. In fasting pythons, tightly packed enterocytes possess very short microvilli and are arranged in a pseudostratified fashion.Enterocyte width increases by 23% within 24 h postfeeding, inducing significant increases in villus length and intestinal mass. By 6 days postfeeding, enterocyte volume had peaked, following as much as an 80% increase. Contributing to enterocyte hypertrophy is the cellular accumulation of lipid droplets at the tips and edges of the villi of the proximal and middle small intestine, but were absent in the distal small intestine. At 3 days postfeeding, conventional and environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed cracks and lipid extrusion along the narrow edges of the villi and at the villus tips. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the rapid postprandial lengthening of enterocyte microvilli, increasing 4.8-fold in length within 24 h, and the maintaining of that length through digestion. Beginning at 24 h postfeeding, spherical particles were found embedded apically within enterocytes of the proximal and middle small intestine. These particles possessed an annular-like construction and were stained with the calcium-stain Alizarine red S suggesting that they were bone in origin. Following the completion of digestion, many of the postprandial responses were reversed, as observed by the atrophy of enterocytes, the shortening of villi, and the retraction of the microvilli. Further exploration of the python intestine will reveal the underlying mechanisms of these trophic responses and the origin and fate of the engulfed particles.

show abstract

“…This organ exhibits a remarkable capacity to adapt its morphology to nutritional status. Fasting decreases cell proliferation, leading to a progressive atrophy of rat intestinal epithelium (7). Conversely, refeeding restores the proliferative activity, dietary lipids being the strongest stimulators of mucosal regeneration (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic high-fat diet affects intestinal fat absorption and postprandial triglyceride levels in the mouse

Petit

Arnould́

Martin³

et al. 2007

Journal of Lipid Research

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of chronic fat overconsumption on intestinal physiology and lipid metabolism remain elusive. It is unknown whether a fat-mediated adaptation to lipid absorption takes place. To address this issue, mice fed a high-fat diet (40%, w/w) were refed or not a control diet (3%, w/w) for 3 additive weeks. Despite daily lipid intake 7.7-fold higher than in controls, fecal lipid output remained unchanged in mice fed the triglyceride (TG)-rich diet. In situ isolated jejunal loops revealed greater [1-14 C]linoleic acid uptake without TG accumulation in mucosa, suggesting an increase in lipid absorption capacity. Induction both in intestinal mitotic index and in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, trafficking, and lipoprotein synthesis was found in high-fat diet mice. These changes were lipid-mediated, in that they were fully abolished in mice refed the control diet. A lipid load test performed in the presence or absence of the LPL inhibitor tyloxapol showed a sustained blood TG clearance in fat-fed mice likely attributable to intestinal modulation of LPL regulators (apolipoproteins C-II and C-III). These data demonstrate that a chronic high-fat diet greatly affects intestinal physiology and body lipid use in the mouse.-Petit, V., L. Arnould, P. Martin, M-C. Monnot, T. Pineau, P. Besnard, and I. Niot. Chronic high-fat diet affects intestinal fat absorption and postprandial triglyceride levels in the mouse. J. Lipid Res.

show abstract

Restoration of the jejunal mucosa in rats refed after prolonged fasting

Cited by 96 publications

References 17 publications

Adaptive regulation of digestive performance in the genusPython

Adaptive regulation of digestive performance in the genusPython

Postprandial morphological response of the intestinal epithelium of the Burmese python (Python molurus)

Chronic high-fat diet affects intestinal fat absorption and postprandial triglyceride levels in the mouse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About