“…Species in aquatic ecosystems that are intolerant of these changes can decline or disappear and are replaced by organisms that are more tolerant (Fraker et al, 2002;Helms et al, 2005;Morgan and Cushman, 2005;Kemp, 2014). For instance, in a large area of shifting riparian, marsh and estuarine ecosystems, the remnants of these aquatic ecosystems are largely fixed in place and cut off from each other by water management structures (Zamora et al, 2005;Glenn et al, 2013). This has been repeated around the world and in the USA the construction of 75,000 dams has contributed to declines of native fish populations (Osmundson, 2011 rivers are resilient and can recover from degraded conditions after restoration activities as habitats are often naturally dynamic and frequently experience large-scale natural disturbances such as floods (Kauffman et al, 1995;Moerke et al, 2004;Hansen and Budy, 2011).…”