Restorative effects of Chrysin pretreatment on oxidant–antioxidant status, inflammatory cytokine production, and apoptotic and autophagic markers in acute paracetamol‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats: An experimental and biochemical study

Abstract

Paracetamol (PC) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but it leads to acute hepatotoxicity at high doses intakes. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Chrysin (CR) on hepatotoxicity constituted at high doses of PC in rats. Rats were subjected to oral pretreatment of CR (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) via feeding needle for 6 days against hepatotoxicity induced by a single dose of PC (500 mg/kg b.w.) administered orally via feeding needles. Although PC increases lipid peroxidation and liver enzyme activities, it has led to reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities. PC induced inflammatory responses by increasing the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, PC caused apoptosis and autophagy by increasing activity of Caspase-3 and LC3B level. On the other hand, CR therapy significantly regulated these values in rats. This study demonstrated that CR possesses restorative effect against PC-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic and autophagic tissue damage.

Nebivolol protects against cyclophosphamide‐induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis

“…This phenomenon supports that ROS and the resulting oxidative stress play a significant role in apoptosis 16 . Caspase‐3 can be described as a key mediator of apoptosis in mammalian cells because it initiates the apoptotic process by activating other caspase enzymes 27 . It causes DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and protein breakdown 28 .…”

Curcumin ameliorates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by abrogation of inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage, and protein oxidation in rats

“…Myocardial apoptosis, a common feature of DXR‐induced cardiotoxicity, has previously been demonstrated and our results are in agreement with these studies. Caspase‐3 has been known as marker of apoptosis in mammalian cells . In a similar study, it was observed that caspase‐3 activity increased in heart tissue after DXR application .…”

“…Caspase-3 has been known as marker of apoptosis in mammalian cells. [40] In a similar study, it was observed that caspase-3 activity increased in heart tissue after DXR application. [4] In this study, pretreatment of curcumin decreased caspase-3 activity compared with the DXR treated group.…”

The antidiabetic and anticholinergic effects of chrysin on cyclophosphamide‐induced multiple organ toxicity in rats: Pharmacological evaluation of some metabolic enzyme activities

“…To overcome the side effects of the organ toxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, safe cytoprotective antioxidants are necessary . Chrysin (CH) or 5,7‐dihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid present in various plants, bee propolis, and honey . It has multiple biological properties such as anticancer, antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antihypertensive …”