Restored Marble Epistyles Under Bending: A Combined Experimental and Numerical Study

Kourkoulis, Stavros K.; Mentzini, Marilena; Ganniari-Papageorgiou, E.

doi:10.1080/15583058.2011.611577

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A specially designed system of “I”‐shaped beams (Figure 1B) was used to transfer the load from the piston of the frame to the upper side of the epistyle. The specific loading scheme is in accordance with the suggestions of older studies by Kourkoulis et al 19–21 concerning the optimum laboratory simulation of the actual loading scheme of the epistyles (after they are placed back in their original position), which is in fact the weight of the superimposed structural members of the Temple. Further technical details about the specific experimental protocol were provided by Kourkoulis and Dakanali 22 …”

Section: The Experimental Protocolssupporting

confidence: 78%

Modelling acoustic and electric signals emitted during structural tests in terms of log‐periodic power‐law models

Mastrogiannis

Andreopoulos

Potirakis

et al. 2020

Mat Design & Process Comms

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An alternative way to represent data regarding internal damage processes, specifically the data provided by the acoustic emission (AE) technique and the pressure stimulated currents (PSCs), is attempted in this study, in terms of logperiodic power-law models. Both monitoring techniques have been already successfully considered widely, either independently or in juxtaposition to each other, in case of standardized laboratory experiments with specimens of relatively simple geometry and moderate dimensions made of a single material. The innovation of the present study is that the AE and PSC data modelled were recorded during structural tests with specimens of complicated geometry made of three different materials, ie, marble, cement paste/mortar, and titanium. It was clearly concluded that both AE and PSC data can be quite successfully modelled in terms of log-periodic power-law models. Moreover, it was indicated that in case of complex experimental setups , log-periodic power-law models approach experimental data according to a more accurately manner than pure power-law models do, thus opening up new possibilities of studying the internal damage processes and detecting perhaps useful prefailure indicators.

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Section: The Experimental Protocolssupporting

confidence: 78%

Modelling acoustic and electric signals emitted during structural tests in terms of log‐periodic power‐law models

Mastrogiannis

Andreopoulos

Potirakis

et al. 2020

Mat Design & Process Comms

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“…This is very interesting since the specific failure mechanism seriously concerns the members of the scientific personnel working for the restoration of the Acropolis monuments [37,38]. Indeed, it has been verified both in the laboratory and also in the worksite that the weak link of the three-material complex (marble-cement paste-titanium) is the interface between the marble and the cement paste which due to pure adhesion fails prematurely [8][9][10]. It is mentioned, however, that the specific failure mechanism is not always "unwelcome", since it may act as a protective mean against failure (fracture) of the authentic marble body itself.…”

Section: Data Provided By the Acoustic Emission And The Pressure Stimulated Currents Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aforementioned technique is based on the basic restoration principles, dictated by the "Venice Charter" [4,5]: Reversibility (if needed, the monument could be brought to its state prior to the intervention), minimization of the interventions to the extent that guarantees protection of the authentic material from further damage (for this reason the number of titanium bars required by the connection's design, should be the smallest possible) and finally compatibility between the materials used for the restoration and the authentic ones. The restoration approach described above was assessed a few years ago both experimentally and numerically [6][7][8][9][10]. It has been indicated that, in spite of its efficiency and general acceptance, there are still some open issues that should be further studied, mainly in the direction of reducing the intervention on the authentic building material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Emissions versus Pressure Stimulated Currents during bending of restored marble epistyles: Preliminary results

Kourkoulis¹,

Dakanali²,

Pasiou³

et al. 2017

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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The efficiency of two modern sensing techniques, namely the "Acoustic Emissions" and the "Pressure Stimulated Currents" ones, when they are used as Continuous Structural Health Monitoring tools, is assessed experimentally. The protocol includes multi-point bending of an accurate copy of a fractured marble epistyle of the Parthenon's Temple on the Acropolis of Athens, under a scale of 1:3. The integrity of the epistyle is restored with three pairs of bolted titanium bars, according to the pioneering technique developed by the scientists of the "Committee for the Conservation of the Acropolis Monuments". The data provided by the above techniques are considered in juxtaposition to each other and also in comparison to data provided by the "Digital Image Correlation" technique. It is concluded that, at least from a qualitative point of view, the data of all three techniques are in good mutual agreement. Combined exploitation of the various sets of experimental data enlightens interesting aspects concerning the succession of failure mechanisms activated during the loading procedure, revealing the critical role of the internal interfaces characterizing the restored epistyle. Moreover it is definitely indicated that both the "Acoustic Emissions" and the "Pressure Stimulated Currents" techniques provide clear signs of upcoming failure well before macroscopically visible damages are detected at the external surface of the specimen.

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“…Two different sand types were used: (a) coarse grained quartz sand from 1 to 2 mm as well as (b) fine-grain quartz sand Μ32 with average grain size of 260 mm. The selection of the above materials has been performed according to several criteria, extensively discussed in [4].…”

Section: Manufacturing Of Prismatic Cement Mortar Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of articles, e.g. [2][3][4] the important role of the interphases of the connecting materials used in the interior of the restored joints are noted. Additionally, several researchers underlined the important aspects of straining of the connecting members of the joint that are well in the interior of the restored Monument of Cultural Heritage, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain monitoring of cement-based materials with embedded polyvinyl alcohol - carbon nanotube (PVA-CNT) fibers

Metaxa

Néri

Poulin

et al. 2017

Frattura Ed Integrità Strutturale

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ABSTRACT. This article investigates the possibility of exploiting innovative polyvinyl alcohol fibers reinforced with carbon nanotubes (PVA-CNT fiber) as a strain sensor in cement mortars used in the restoration of Cultural Heritage Monuments. Two types of PVA-CNT fibers were embedded in the matrix at a short distance from the bottom of the beam and their readings were correlated with traditional sensors, e.g. strain gauges and Fiber Optic Bragg Gratings. The Electrical Resistance Change (ERC) of the embedded PVA-CNT fiber was in-situ monitored during four-point bending mechanical tests. For the case of coated PVA-CNT fiber, a linear correlation of the applied strain at the bottom surface of the specimen along with ERC values of the fiber was noticed for the low strain regime. For the case of incremental increasing loading -unloading loops, the coated and annealed PVA-CNT fiber gave the best results either as embedded or as 'surface attached' sensor that exhibited linear correlation of ERC with applied strain for the low applied strain regime as well as hysteresis loops during unloading. The article discusses their high potential to be exploited as strain/damage sensor in applications of civil engineering as well as in restoration of Monuments of Cultural Heritage.

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Restored Marble Epistyles Under Bending: A Combined Experimental and Numerical Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Modelling acoustic and electric signals emitted during structural tests in terms of log‐periodic power‐law models

Modelling acoustic and electric signals emitted during structural tests in terms of log‐periodic power‐law models

Acoustic Emissions versus Pressure Stimulated Currents during bending of restored marble epistyles: Preliminary results

Strain monitoring of cement-based materials with embedded polyvinyl alcohol - carbon nanotube (PVA-CNT) fibers

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