Restoring Redox Homeostasis in Brain and Colon Tissues in a DMH-Induced Colon Adenocarcinoma Model Through the Application of Metal Nanoparticles Composition

Abstract

Introduction. The process of free radical oxidation that prevails over the body's antioxidant defense system leads to the acceleration of cancer progression. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have become a central focus of contemporary discussions within the field of oncology. The application of metal nanoparticles to balance redox homeostasis is currently a highly prominent topic in modern scientific research in oncology.
 The aim of the study – to explore the potential benefits of Au/Ag/Fe NPs usage as a novel intervention for the correction of redox imbalance and restoring of antioxidant system functioning, particularly in the context of DMH-induced colon adenocarcinoma.
 Research Methods. The study was performed on 125 outbred white male rats. Animals were divided into groups: I – control intact group (35 individuals); II – experimental group (70 individuals) with N,N-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride administration once a week for 30 weeks; ІІІ – an experimental group (20 animals) with daily intragastric administration of Au/Ag/Fe NPs for 21 days. To evaluate oxidative stress manifestations in brain and colon tissues, the concentration of TBARS, diene (DC), and triene conjugates (TC), Schiff base (OSH) was determined. The activity of the antioxidant system was evaluated by catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH). 
 Results and Discussion. This article demonstrates the multifaceted relationship between development of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis, highlighting its significance in cancer progression prognosis. It was confirmed that DMG-induced colon adenocarcinoma in situ leads to an increase in levels of oxidative stress markers and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant factors. In addition, it was verified that Au/Ag/Fe NPs use caused a decrease in the concentration of TBARS, diene, triene conjugates, and Schiff bases. These led to the reduction of manifestations of oxidative stress and restoration of enzymes of the antioxidant system and its biological mediators of a non-enzymatic nature. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the concentrations of reduced glutathione were restored to control indicators.
 Conclusion. The use of Au/Ag/Fe NPs leads to the restoration of the redox homeostasis, improving the antioxidant system in terms of induced adenocarcinoma of the large intestine.