Restoring the Black Sea in Times of Uncertainty

Mee, Laurence; Friedrich, Jana; Gomoiu, Marian Traian

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2005.45

Cited by 111 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In Mee et al (2005), a simple conceptual model illustrates the nonlinear response of the Black Sea benthic system to eutrophication. Initial pristine conditions consist of a phytobenthos-dominated benthic system, with a high nutrient assimilation potential, a net oxygen production by the algae, and a high filtering capacity of bivalves.…”

Section: Eutrophication and Fisheries In The Black Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degraded regime is characterized by massive development of endobenthic organisms (species that live buried, or burrowing in the sediment), accompanied by a significant decrease in epibenthic species (crustaceans and mollusks). The system may exhibit hysteresis, i.e., changes in internal feedbacks stabilize a state so that extra effort is needed to bring the ecosystem back to its prechange state (Scheffer et al 2001), or even irreversibility when the human pressure is removed (Mee et al 2005), especially when available niches are occupied by invasive species.…”

Section: Eutrophication and Fisheries In The Black Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of the adaptive approach for management (Mee 2005, Mee et al 2008, now incorporated in the MSFD, one practical way of dealing with uncertainties and nonlinearities is Ecology and Society 20(1): 40 http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol20/iss1/art40/ to ensure learning, flexibility, and networking in decision-making processes. This not only includes information exchange and collaboration across sectors but also across scales.…”

Section: Dealing With Nonlinearities and Uncertainty In Planning And mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Marine environments have undergone large-scale changes in recent decades as a result of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation, etc., causing often nonlinear ecosystem responses. At the same time, management institutions lack the appropriate measures to address these abrupt transformations. We focus on existing examples from social-ecological systems of European seas that can be used to inform and advise future management. Examples from the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea on long-term ecosystem changes caused by eutrophication and fisheries, as well as changes in management institutions, illustrate nonlinear dynamics in social-ecological systems. Furthermore, we present two major future challenges, i.e., climate change and energy intensification, that could further increase the potential for nonlinear changes in the near future. Practical tools to address these challenges are presented, such as ensuring learning, flexibility, and networking in decision-making processes across sectors and scales. A combination of risk analysis with a scenario-planning approach might help to identify the risks of ecosystem changes early on and may frame societal changes to inform decision-making structures to proactively prevent drastic surprises in European seas.

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Section: Eutrophication and Fisheries In The Black Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eutrophication and Fisheries In The Black Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dealing With Nonlinearities and Uncertainty In Planning And mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

Self Cite

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“…A famous eutrophicated and semi-enclosed marine system, the Black Sea has been subjected to severe ecological degradation resulting from increased anthropogenic inputs of mineralized nutrients, organic and inorganic pollutants since 1970s (Mee, 2005). The Black Sea has a character that it presents a thin upper layer with high primary productivity and oxygen values, a strong main pycnocline where hypoxia increased and a deep layer where anoxic waters covered 87 percent of the water column (Oguz, 2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it has been recently stated that social and economic collapse in the countries of northwestern region gave the Black Sea an opportunity for recovery (Mee, 2005), we now need to obtain more scientific knowledge of community structure of coastal marine ecosystem, especially for the southern Black Sea. The signs of recovery in the Black Sea and the effects of initial changes in the marine environment can specifically be evaluated and monitored in phytoplankton community as a major group of lower food web.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Baytut¹,

Gönülol²,

Koray³

2010

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The goal of this study was to determine the monthly variations of phytoplankton composition in the least studied southern shores of the Black Sea with respect to environmental factors. This region is known to be one of the most eutrophic seas in the world. During the course of this research, carried out between October 2002 and September 2003, various samples were collected monthly from a depth of 0.50 m at five stations. A total of 129 taxa belonging to 5 divisions and 14 potentially HAB species was recorded during this research. Three peaks were observed in the total phytoplankton in October 2002, May and July 2003. These findings were also supported by chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations and the biodiversity index of Shannon-Wiener (H'). TRIX indices were computed in order to identify the trophic level of the region and the research area was determined to be highly eutrophic. Three groups of samples were described by Hierarchical agglomerative clustering and Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) ordination. Species displaying a major role in discriminating the groups were Dactyliosolen fragilissimus (Bergon) G.R. Hassle, 1997, Nitzschia longissima (Brébisson) Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861, Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström, 1986, Pseudonitzchia pungens (Grunow ex P.T. Cleve, 1897) Hasle, 1993 and Skeletonema costatum (Greville) P.T. Cleve, 1878 from diatoms, Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg, 1833 from dinoflagellates and Eutreptia lanowii Steur 1904 from Euglenophyta.

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Cross-shelf exchange in the northwestern Black Sea

Zhou

Shapiro

Wobus

2014

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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The transports of water, heat, and salt between the northwestern shelf and deep interior of the Black Sea are investigated using a high-resolution three-dimensional primitive equation model. From April to August 2005, both onshore and offshore cross-shelf break transports in the top 20 m were 0.24 Sv on average, which is equivalent to the replacement of 60% of the volume of surface shelf waters (0-20 m) per month. Two main exchange mechanisms are studied: Ekman transport, and transport by mesoscale eddies and associated meanders of the Rim Current. The Ekman drift causes nearly uniform onshore or offshore flow over a large section of the shelf break, but it is confined to the upper layers. In contrast, eddies and meanders penetrate deep down to the bottom, but they are restricted laterally. During the strong wind events of 15-22 April and 1-4 July, some 0.66 3 10 12 and 0.44 3 10 12 m 3 of water were removed from the northwestern shelf, respectively. In comparison, the single long-lived Sevastopol Eddy generated a much larger offshore transfer of 2.84 3 10 12 m 3 over the period 23 April to 30 June, which is equivalent to 102% of the volume of northwestern shelf waters. Over the study period, salt exchanges increased the average density of the shelf waters by 0.67 kg m 23 and reduced the density contrast between the shelf and deep sea, while lateral heat exchanges reduced the density of the shelf waters by 0.16 kg m 23 and sharpened the shelf break front.

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Restoring the Black Sea in Times of Uncertainty

Cited by 111 publications

References 9 publications

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Untitled

Cross-shelf exchange in the northwestern Black Sea

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