Restraint stress in biomedical research: A review

Paré, William P.; Glavin, Gary B.

doi:10.1016/0149-7634(86)90017-5

Cited by 356 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…Supporting the present findings, there are several studies showing similar acclimatization to mild stress on exposure for prolonged period which depend on type, intensities and duration of stress exposure. However, studies in other acute stress model such as restraint and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induces anxiety-like behaviors which leads to depressive mood state on prolonged exposure [27][28][29]. Unpredictable chronic mild stress results in depression like behavior in rats and has been used as a well accepted model to study molecular mechanisms underlying depressive disorders [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Induces Transient Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat

Baitharu¹,

Jain²,

Deep³

et al. 2013

JBBS

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Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes memory impairment and prolonged state of mental confusion. However, effect of high altitude exposure on mood state and its underlying mechanisms have been poorly studied. Present study was undertaken to investigate the mood state alteration following chronic exposure to HH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups and exposed to hypoxia for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in an animal decompression chamber at an altitude of 25,000ft. Anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were assessed by using various mazes along with changes in serotonin and glutamate level. Our study revealed a decrease in exploratory, grooming and rearing behavior in open field test following initial exposure to HH for 7 days without affecting the locomotory behavior. Initial exposure to HH-decreased time spent in open arm of elevated plus maze indicating induction of anxiety-like behavior which normalized on prolonged hypoxic exposure for 21 days. Hypoxic exposure for 7 days induced anhedonia and increased despair behavior in rat while there was steady improvement in these behaviors when exposed for 21 days. Decrease in serotonin level was noted in hippocampus along with elevated corticosterone and glutamate level which gradually decreased on prolonged exposure to HH. These findings suggest that initial exposure to HH increases transient anxiety-like behavior in rats followed by gradual improvement in mood state on prolonged exposure. Further, the study also indicates the involvement of serotonergic system in mood state alteration at high altitude following chronic exposure and reoxygenation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Induces Transient Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat

Baitharu¹,

Jain²,

Deep³

et al. 2013

JBBS

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“…Restraint has been adopted as a standard stressor that imposes both physical and psychological demands on the subject [26]. This technique has been used in many areas of biology as a tool for understanding the basic physiological changes associated with stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maternal Restraint Stress on Fetal Development of ICR Mice

et al. 2008

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“…3,14 Many researchers in the area of gastrointestinal drugs screen their new compounds in the stress-induced gas-tric ulcer model. 15 Even though for more than a decade the focus of the etiology of peptic ulcer shifted to helicobacter infection, many clinicians now believe that the role of Helicobacter pylori in the causation of peptic ulcer is no more than a partial one. 3,16 Other equally important factors include genetic makeup and vulnerability to stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marked suppression of gastric ulcerogenesis and intestinal responses to stress by a novel class of drugs

et al. 2002

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When exposed to prolonged stress, rats develop gastric ulceration, enhanced colon motility with depletion of its mucin content and signs of physiological and behavioral arousal. In this model, we tested whether antidepressants (fluoxetine and bupropion), anxiolytics (diazepam and buspirone) or the novel nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) type-1 receptor (CRH-R1) antagonist, antalarmin, modify these responses. Fluoxetine, bupropion, diazepam and antalarmin all suppressed stress-induced gastric ulceration in male SpragueDawley rats exposed to four hours of plain immobilization. Antalarmin produced the most pronounced anti-ulcer effect and additionally suppressed the stress-induced colonic hypermotility, mucin depletion, autonomic hyperarousal and struggling behavior. Intraperitoneal CRH administration reproduced the intestinal but not the gastric responses to stress while vagotomy antagonized the stress-induced gastric ulceration but not the intestinal responses. We conclude that brain CRH-R1 and vagal pathways are essential for gastric ulceration to occur in response to stress and that peripheral CRH-R1 mediates colonic hypermotility and mucin depletion in this model. Nonpeptide CRH-R1 antagonists may therefore be prophylactic against stress ulcer in the critically ill and therapeutic for other pathogenetically related gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcer disease and irritable bowel syndrome.

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Restraint stress in biomedical research: A review

Cited by 356 publications

References 264 publications

Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Induces Transient Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat

Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Induces Transient Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat

Effect of Maternal Restraint Stress on Fetal Development of ICR Mice

Marked suppression of gastric ulcerogenesis and intestinal responses to stress by a novel class of drugs

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