Restraint Use in Acute Care Settings

The use of physical restraints on children: practices and attitudes of paediatric nurses in Turkey

“…Some government and accreditation organizations started to support attempts to ban or decrease PR in the western world as patient and children rights have received increased interest (Bower & McCullough 2000). Nurses frequently apply PR in Turkey, even without physician orders or informed consent from children, or their surrogates (people appointed to act for some patients–children; parents or deputies).…”

Nurses' Use of Physical Restraints in Four Turkish Hospitals

“…Physical restraints have been widely used in hospitals to avoid a range of difficult clinical situations, especially during critical care. They are used to save patients and their relatives from inflicting any harm to themselves, such as to prevent patients with confusion or dementia from either falling from beds, removing tubes, drains, and medical equipment from their bodies, causing harm to themselves, and to ease control of patients (Bower & McCullough, 2000).…”

Ethics and Praxis: Alternative Strategies to Physical Restraint and Seclusion in a Psychiatric Setting

“…Strumpf and Tomes (1993) trace the historical and philosophica l controversy of restraining the mentally ill throughout the last 200 years. The literature is burgeoning with references as to the questionabl e ethics of restraining and secluding patients in healthcare settings (Blakeslee, Goldman, Papougenis, & Torell, 1991;Bower, 2000;Dawkins, 1998;Haddal, 1999;Hopton, 1995;Marangos-Frost & Wells, 2000;Mattiasson & Andersson, 1995;May, 1995;Moss & LaPuma, 1991;Strumpf & Evans, 1991), the therapeutic effectiveness (Cashin, 1996;Martinez, Grimm, & Adamson, 1999;Johnson, 1998), and the inherent dangers in these practices (Crenshaw & Francis, 1995;Maier, VanRybroek, & Mays, 1994;Miles & Irvine, 1992;Mohr, Mahon, & Noone, 1998;Patter, Leadbetter, & McComish, 1994;Way & Banks, 1990;Weiss, 1998). In addition to physical harm, restraint and seclusion can cause psychologica l harm and negative attitude toward treatment (Cashin, 1996;Dawkins, 1998;Martinez, Grimm, & Adamson, 1999;Sullivan-Marx, 1995).…”