Restricted mean survival time of older adults with severe aortic stenosis referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Abstract

Background: Few studies have measured frailty as a potential reason for foregoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in older adults with severe aortic stenosis (AS). This study sought to determine the impact of frailty and other clinician-cited reasons on restricted mean survival time (RMST). Methods: An analysis of the McGill Frailty Registry was conducted between 2014 and 2018 at the McGill University Health Center Structural Valve Clinic. Consecutive nonsurgical patients referred for TAVR were included. In those that underwent balloon aortic valvuloplasty or medical management, the primary clinician-cited reason for foregoing TAVR was codified. Vital status was ascertained at 1 year and analysed using RMST and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results: The study consisted of 373 patients with a mean age of 82.4 years, of which 233 underwent TAVR and 140 did not. Patients who did not undergo TAVR were more likely to be nonagenarians, with left ventricular dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, dementia, disability, depression, malnutrition, and frailty. The primary cliniciancited reason was: comorbidity in 34%, frailty in 23%, procedural feasibility and risks in 16%, and mild or unrelated symptoms in 27%. Compared to the TAVR group, 1-year RMST was reduced by 2.0 months in the medical management group (95% CI 1.2, 2.7) and by 1.1 months in the valvuloplasty group (95% CI-0.2, 2.5). Conclusions: Patients with severe AS referred for TAVR may never undergo the procedure on the basis of comorbidity, frailty, procedural issues, and symptoms. The best treatment decision is one that follows from multidisciplinary assessment encompassing frailty.

Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis in an Older Patient: How the Geriatric Approach Can Make a Difference

“…Therefore, ideally, the presence of frailty should be systematically investigated in older patients before AVR, and its management should be considered as a treatment target to be pursued in parallel to surgery. In the context of evaluation to AVR, frailty is frequently considered a reason for choosing conservative medical approaches [31,32]. This reflects a misconception that should be challenged by emphasizing that frailty should not be equated with futility [31].…”

“…In the context of evaluation to AVR, frailty is frequently considered a reason for choosing conservative medical approaches [31,32]. This reflects a misconception that should be challenged by emphasizing that frailty should not be equated with futility [31].…”