Restriction and Modification of DNA

Meselson, Matthew; Yuan, Robert; Heywood, Janet

doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.41.070172.002311

Cited by 285 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…Sci. USA 71 (1,974) By assuming that the mobility of the Hind-C' fragment of each mutant reflects its size and that the difference in the relative mobilities of Hind-C and Hind-C' measures the difference in their size, one can calculate the approximate size of the deletion in the genome of each mutant ( Fig. 5; Table 2): each of the plaque-morphology mutants lacks a small region (80 to 190 base pairs) of DNA contained in the wild-type Hind-C and HpaI-B fragments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viable Deletion Mutants of Simian Virus 40: Selective Isolation by Means of a Restriction Endonuclease from Hemophilus parainfluenzae

Mertz

Berg

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 for review). This property has been used for the in vitro selection of viral mutants that are resistant to cleavage by a restriction endonuclease because they have deleted the nucleotide sequence recognized by the enzyme (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viable Deletion Mutants of Simian Virus 40: Selective Isolation by Means of a Restriction Endonuclease from Hemophilus parainfluenzae

Mertz

Berg

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The mechanisms of modification and restriction were discovered in bacteriophage systems, and since these topics have been reviewed extensively (Arber & Linn, 1969;Meselson et al, 1972;Arber, 1974), they will not be dealt with in this article. There is no direct evidence for the importance of methylated nucleotides as regulatory signals in bacteriophage DNA.…”

Section: Observations On the Distribution Of Hpaii And Hha/sites In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Methylation--A Regulatory Signal in Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Doerfler

1981

Journal of General Virology

184

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“…DNA methylation, the most extensively studied genetic modification, was originally discovered in bacteria in the context of R-M systems involving a methyltransferase (MTase) that modifies "self" DNA at specific target sites and a cognate restriction endonuclease (REase) that discriminates and destroys unmodified invading DNA (3)(4)(5). R-M systems are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and are classified into four types (I, II, III, and IV) based on their molecular structure, sequence recognition, cleavage position, and cofactor requirements (3,6,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of DNA methylation and phosphorothioation epigenetics in bacterial genomes

Chen

Wang

Chen

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Explosive growth in the study of microbial epigenetics has revealed a diversity of chemical structures and biological functions of DNA modifications in restriction-modification (R-M) and basic genetic processes. Here, we describe the discovery of shared consensus sequences for two seemingly unrelated DNA modification systems, 6m A methylation and phosphorothioation (PT), in which sulfur replaces a nonbridging oxygen in the DNA backbone. Mass spectrometric analysis of DNA from Escherichia coli B7A and Salmonella enterica serovar Cerro 87, strains possessing PT-based R-M genes, revealed d(G PS 6m A) dinucleotides in the G PS 6m AAC consensus representing ∼5% of the 1,100 to 1,300 PT-modified d(G PS A) motifs per genome, with 6m A arising from a yet-to-be-identified methyltransferase. To further explore PT and 6m A in another consensus sequence, G PS 6m ATC, we engineered a strain of E. coli HST04 to express Dnd genes from Hahella chejuensis KCTC2396 (PT in G PS ATC) and Dam methyltransferase from E. coli DH10B ( 6m A in G 6m ATC). Based on this model, in vitro studies revealed reduced Dam activity in G PS ATC-containing oligonucleotides whereas single-molecule real-time sequencing of HST04 DNA revealed 6m A in all 2,058 G PS ATC sites (5% of 37,698 total GATC sites). This model system also revealed temperature-sensitive restriction by DndFGH in KCTC2396 and B7A, which was exploited to discover that 6m A can substitute for PT to confer resistance to restriction by the DndFGH system. These results point to complex but unappreciated interactions between DNA modification systems and raise the possibility of coevolution of interacting systems to facilitate the function of each.T he emergence of convergent technologies has led to a growing appreciation for the diversity of DNA modifications in microbial epigenetics and restriction-modification (R-M) systems (1-3). DNA methylation, the most extensively studied genetic modification, was originally discovered in bacteria in the context of R-M systems involving a methyltransferase (MTase) that modifies "self" DNA at specific target sites and a cognate restriction endonuclease (REase) that discriminates and destroys unmodified invading DNA (3-5). R-M systems are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and are classified into four types (I, II, III, and IV) based on their molecular structure, sequence recognition, cleavage position, and cofactor requirements (3, 6, 7). However, some MTases exist alone, without an apparent cognate REase partner. These so-called "orphan" MTases include DNA adenine methylase (Dam), which modifies the adenine N-6 in the GATC motif, DNA cytosine methylase (Dcm), which methylates C-5 of the second cytosine in CC(A/T) GG sequences, and cell cycle-regulated methylase (CcrM), which methylates the N-6 of adenine in GANTC (N = A, T, C, or G) (8). Despite the absence of cognate REases, orphan MTases still confer immunity against the virulence of a parasitic R-M complex with the same target sites (9). In addition to defense against bacteriophages and transposons, DNA m...

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Restriction and Modification of DNA

Cited by 285 publications

References 0 publications

Viable Deletion Mutants of Simian Virus 40: Selective Isolation by Means of a Restriction Endonuclease from Hemophilus parainfluenzae

Viable Deletion Mutants of Simian Virus 40: Selective Isolation by Means of a Restriction Endonuclease from Hemophilus parainfluenzae

DNA Methylation--A Regulatory Signal in Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Convergence of DNA methylation and phosphorothioation epigenetics in bacterial genomes

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