Restriction Enzyme Analysis (REA) of Group A Streptococcal (GAS) M-Serotypes 1, 3, and 28

Johnson, Dwight R.; Romana, Cheryl L.; Rehder, Carey D.; Dehnbostel, Joanne; Kaplan, Edward L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_52

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For example, Muotiala et al [29] found a great degree of genetic identity among M1 GAS isolates from invasive and pharyngeal infections in Finland during 1988-1995. Johnson et al [7] reported identical restriction-enzyme analysis patterns of M1, M3, and M28 isolates from severe systemic infections and from uncomplicated pharyngitis. These data and ours emphasize that children with endemic pharyngitis serve as a major community reservoir for GAS strains with invasive potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Heterogeneity of Endemic Community Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Pharyngeal Isolates and Their Relationship to Invasive Isolates

et al. 2002

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By use of molecular techniques, the genetic heterogeneity of 63 community pediatric pharyngeal group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates circulating within a 3-week period were compared with 17 contemporaneous invasive pediatric isolates. Pharyngitis isolates represented 16 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns with 12 emm serotypes, and invasive isolates represented 10 PFGE patterns with 9 emm serotypes. One-fourth of the pharyngeal isolates (16/63) were identical to at least 1 invasive isolate; conversely, 10 (59%) of 17 invasive isolates were identical to at least 1 pharyngeal strain. sic allele analysis of emm1 strains demonstrated additional heterogeneity and overlap. More pharyngeal (71%) than invasive isolates (35%) were positive for both speA and speC (P<.02). Many pharyngitis GAS strains circulate simultaneously. Most invasive pediatric GAS strains are identical to acute pharyngitis strains; thus, childhood pharyngitis is a major reservoir for strains with invasive potential. Pharyngeal isolates were more likely to be speA and speC positive than were the invasive isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Pharyngeal GAS isolates have also received increased attention in attempts to identify factors that determine the propensity of a particular strain to cause invasive disease [5][6][7].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Heterogeneity of Endemic Community Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Pharyngeal Isolates and Their Relationship to Invasive Isolates

et al. 2002

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“…Cockerill et al discovered that 30% of schoolchildren in a southern Minnesota community carried the same subclone of M3 group A streptococci that was associated with an outbreak of invasive disease and several deaths among adults in the same region (7). Others have noted that the most-common subclone of a given serotype isolated from cases of uncomplicated pharyngitis is also the subclone that is most-often associated with invasive disease (17). The carriage of streptococci by healthy individuals and the frequent persistence of these bacteria in the throat after vigorous antibiotic therapy is well documented but not understood (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Globally Disseminated M1 Subclone of Group A Streptococci Differs from Other Subclones by 70 Kilobases of Prophage DNA and Capacity for High-Frequency Intracellular Invasion

et al. 1998

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The M1inv+ subclone of M1 group A streptococci that spread globally in the late 1980s and early 1990s was previously identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), M protein, and SpeA exotoxin sequence analyses. Strains representing this subclone were characterized with regard to carriage of bacteriophage and capacity to invade cultured human epithelial cells. The M1inv+ subclone was found to harbor two entirely different prophages, phage T13 and phage T14, which together supplement its genome with nearly 70 kb of DNA. Phage T14 encodes the SpeA exotoxin and is closely related to the classic converting phage T12. Plaque-forming characteristics and RFLP analyses of phages T13 and T14 were compared to each other and to phage T12. Other subclones of M1, isolated in the 1970s to the early 1980s, lacked both prophages. The M1inv+ subclone was previously reported to be efficiently internalized by human epithelial cells. This potential was confirmed and expanded by comparing a variety of clinical isolates. The capacity for high-frequency invasion of epithelial cells was not transmitted to a laboratory strain of group A streptococci by the above-mentioned bacteriophages.

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A Comparison of Group A Streptococci from Invasive and Uncomplicated Infections: Are Virulent Clones Responsible for Serious Streptococcal Infections?

et al. 2002

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From the mid-1980s, numerous reports of invasive group A streptococcal infections suggested that "highly virulent clones" were responsible. However, there have been virtually no extensive reports and comparisons of diverse temporal and geographic community isolates from uncomplicated throat infections to confirm the hypothesis. A unique collection of such "control" strains allowed in-depth assessment of association of M serotypes 1, 3, and 28 "clones" with invasive infections. Clones were defined by using small-fragment chromosomal restriction-enzyme analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and M protein gene (emm) sequencing. After comparison with controls, no clone within these M serotypes had statistically increased association with invasive infections. The prevalence of specific virulence-associated clones appeared to essentially reflect their normal population prevalence. Although this does exclude other potential streptococcal factors, these findings suggest that host factors including individual and population-based immunity must also be significant in influencing infection potential.

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Restriction Enzyme Analysis (REA) of Group A Streptococcal (GAS) M-Serotypes 1, 3, and 28

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

The Heterogeneity of Endemic Community Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Pharyngeal Isolates and Their Relationship to Invasive Isolates

The Heterogeneity of Endemic Community Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Pharyngeal Isolates and Their Relationship to Invasive Isolates

A Globally Disseminated M1 Subclone of Group A Streptococci Differs from Other Subclones by 70 Kilobases of Prophage DNA and Capacity for High-Frequency Intracellular Invasion

A Comparison of Group A Streptococci from Invasive and Uncomplicated Infections: Are Virulent Clones Responsible for Serious Streptococcal Infections?

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