Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms and Sequence Analysis: an Approach for Genotyping Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Reference Strains and Other Aquabirnaviruses Isolated from Northwestern Spain

Cutrín, J M; Barja, Juan L.; Nicholson, Bruce L.; Bandı́n, Isabel; Blake, S.; Dopazo, Carlos P.

doi:10.1128/aem.70.2.1059-1067.2004

Cited by 43 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is particularly evident between the Chilean and the North American isolates (WB and DM) within genotype 4, where the clustering of Chilean isolates could suggest the formation of a fifth genotype. Similar tradeassociated transmissions of IPNV have been suggested for isolates from Spain, Japan, Iran, and Ireland, that show a great similarity with reference strains from the sources where these countries have imported salmonid fish and eggs (Cutrín et al 2004, Nishizawa et al 2005, Ruane et al 2009, 2015, Dadar et al 2013. Concordantly, the phylogenetic trees in these studies also showed grouping among the local isolates and the formation of minor clusters within genogroups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Chile

Tapia¹,

Eissler²,

Torres³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease that is endemic to salmon farming in Chile and causes great economic losses to the industry. Here we compared different diagnostic methods to detect IPNV in field samples, including 3 real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays, cell culture isolation, and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Additionally, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to investigate the genogroups prevailing in Chile, as well as their geographic distribution and virulence. The 3 qRT-PCR assays used primers that targeted regions of the VP2 and VP1 genes of the virus and were tested in 46 samples, presenting a fair agreement within their results. All samples were positive for at least 2 of the qRT-PCR assays, 29 were positive for cell culture, and 23 for IFAT, showing less sensitivity for these latter 2 methods. For the phylogenetic analysis, portions of 1180 and 523 bp of the VP2 region of segment A were amplified by RT-PCR, sequenced and compared with sequences from reference strains and from isolates reported by previous studies carried out in Chile. Most of the sequenced isolates belonged to genogroup 5 (European origin), and 5 were classified within genogroup 1 (American origin). Chilean isolates formed clusters within each of the genogroups found, evidencing a clear differentiation from the reference strains. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive study completed for IPNV in Chile, covering isolates from sea-and freshwater salmon farms and showing a high prevalence of this virus in the country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Chile

Tapia¹,

Eissler²,

Torres³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Typing of aquabirnaviruses and betanodaviruses in this study (41,42,43). However, at present, this geographical distribution has been altered probably because of natural migrations of wild fish populations, the use of fish as feed in aquaculture, and/or commercial movements of fish stocks (3,5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Viruses in Wild Fish Populations in Areas around the Gulf of Cadiz (South Atlantic Iberian Peninsula)

Moreno

Olveira

Labella

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This report describes a viral epidemiological study of wild fish around the Gulf of Cadiz (southwestern Iberian Peninsula) and is focused on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV). One fish species (Chelon labrosus) was sampled inside the gulf, at the mouth of the San Pedro River. Another 29 were sampled, in three oceanographic campaigns, at sites around the Bay of Cadiz. The fish were processed individually and subjected to isolation in cell culture and molecular diagnosis. VHSV was not isolated from any species. Thirteen IPNV-type isolates were obtained from barracuda (Sphyraena sphyraena), axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne), common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris), common pandora (P. erythrinus), Senegal seabream (D. bellottii), and surmullet (Mullus surmuletus). Six VNNV isolates were obtained from axillary seabream, common pandora, black seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus), red mullet (Mullet barbatus), Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus), and tub gurnard (Chelidonichtys lucerna). In the river mouth, viruses were detected only after reamplification, obtaining prevalence percentages of IPNV and VNNV (44.4 and 63.0%, respectively) much higher than those observed in the oceanographic campaigns (25.7 and 19.6%, respectively). The opposite results were obtained in the case of VHSV after reamplification: 11.1% in the river mouth and 43.6% in the oceanic locations. Analyzing the results with respect to the proximity of the sampling sites to the coast, an anthropogenic influence on wild fish is suggested and discussed. The type of viruses and the presence of natural reassortants are also discussed. Microbial pathogens and potential hosts have coexisted in the marine environment for a long time. This coexistence allows the achievement of a balance between the pathogen and its host: The pathogen self-limits its virulence to reduce the negative effect on specific hosts, and the host uses defense strategies to minimize the negative consequence of the infection. The stressful conditions of intensive culture, however, usually break that equilibrium, and consequently, disease episodes probably occur more frequently than in natural environments.Among pathogens, the relevance of viral fish diseases relies on the high morbidity and mortality rates of infections and on the lack of effective treatments and prophylactic measures. In addition, several factors such as the vertical transmission of some fish viruses and the ability to establish chronic infections or carrier states among survivors must also be considered (1).The Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2) formally recognizes 40 species of fish viruses in 11 taxonomic families. However, only a few studies of wild fish viruses have been performed, in contrast to those done with cultured or ornamental fish. This is probably due to the important losses that viral diseases cause in cultured fish. Moreover, since diseased or moribund animal...

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“…Traditionally, this classification has been established by means of immunologic techniques, but the application of molecular techniques has proven to be more useful to type and characterize aquabirnaviruses [25] . Actually, seven genogroups of aquabirnaviruses have been proposed based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the VP2/NS junction region of the viral A RNA segment [12] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Genotyping of an Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus from Asymptomatic Rainbow Trout <i>(Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> Facilities in Mexico

et al. 2008

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Background: Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a birnavirus that causes a lethal disease in both hatchery-reared juvenile salmonids and other non-salmonid fishes. IPNV has been classified into seven genogroups based on the analysis of the VP2/NS junction region of the viral A RNA segment. Methods: Ten organisms from two trout-rearing farms were used for viral isolation in RTG-2 cells. Cells were inoculated with samples from spleen, kidneys and pyloric caeca. The viral isolate was initially identified by electron microscopy, and confirmed by a commercial ELISA, RT-PCR and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the deduced amino acids sequence of VP2. Results: An IPNV genogroup 1, labeled as EdoMex07, was isolated from a pool of renal tissues of five asymptomatic trout. The amino acid sequence analysis of VP2 showed that this IPNV presented the putative VP2 residue (221) already described in asymptomatic trout carriers. Conclusions: The EdoMex07 IPNV isolate belongs to genogroup 1, and has a VP2 phenotype which has been suggested to be involved in the establishment of the carrier state. This EdoMex07 IPNV is currently used as the standard positive control for detection of IPNV in rainbow trout farms in Mexico.

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Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms and Sequence Analysis: an Approach for Genotyping Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Reference Strains and Other Aquabirnaviruses Isolated from Northwestern Spain

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Chile

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Chile

Surveillance of Viruses in Wild Fish Populations in Areas around the Gulf of Cadiz (South Atlantic Iberian Peninsula)

Detection and Genotyping of an Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus from Asymptomatic Rainbow Trout <i>(Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> Facilities in Mexico

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