Restriction of Mesendoderm to a Single Blastomere by the Combined Action of SKN-1 and a GSK-3β Homolog Is Mediated by MED-1 and -2 in C. elegans

Maduro, Morris; Meneghini, Marc D.; Bowerman, Bruce; Broitman-Maduro, Gina; Rothman, Joel H.

doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00195-2

Cited by 177 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…1A, 3C; Maduro et al 2001). The conservation between these gcs-1 and med promoter elements is particularly striking because they are located at identical distances from their respective translation starts, but contain different numbers of SKN-1 sites (Fig.…”

Section: An and Blackwellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A; Maduro et al 2001). Remarkably, counterparts of the MED proteins (GATA4, GATA5, and GATA6) and of various downstream transcription factors involved in C. elegans mesendodermal development appear to play surprisingly similar roles in vertebrates (Haun et al 1998;Reiter et al 1999;Shoichet et al 2000;Rodaway and Patient 2001;Lickert et al 2002;Maduro and Rothman 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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SKN-1 linksC. elegansmesendodermal specification to a conserved oxidative stress response

An¹,

Blackwell²

2003

Genes Dev.

670

877

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During the earliest stages of Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis, the transcription factor SKN-1 initiates development of the digestive system and other mesendodermal tissues. Postembryonic SKN-1 functions have not been elucidated. SKN-1 binds to DNA through a unique mechanism, but is distantly related to basic leucine-zipper proteins that orchestrate the major oxidative stress response in vertebrates and yeast. Here we show that despite its distinct mode of target gene recognition, SKN-1 functions similarly to resist oxidative stress in C. elegans. During postembryonic stages, SKN-1 regulates a key Phase II detoxification gene through constitutive and stress-inducible mechanisms in the ASI chemosensory neurons and intestine, respectively. SKN-1 is present in ASI nuclei under normal conditions, and accumulates in intestinal nuclei in response to oxidative stress. skn-1 mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress and have shortened lifespans. SKN-1 represents a connection between developmental specification of the digestive system and one of its most basic functions, resistance to oxidative and xenobiotic stress. This oxidative stress response thus appears to be both widely conserved and ancient, suggesting that the mesendodermal specification role of SKN-1 was predated by its function in these detoxification mechanisms.

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Section: An and Blackwellmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SKN-1 linksC. elegansmesendodermal specification to a conserved oxidative stress response

An¹,

Blackwell²

2003

Genes Dev.

670

877

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…end-1 regulation appears to be complex (Fig. 7A), involving MED proteins and the actions of CBP-1 and WNT signaling, which together relieve repression mediated by histone deacetylase (HDA-1) and POP-1 (29,41,44). In taf-5, taf-9, and taf-10(RNAi) embryos these genes were expressed at WT levels (Table I) (22,23).…”

Section: Taf-1 Required Broadly In C Elegans Transcriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Extensive Requirement for Transcription Factor IID-specific TAF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Transcription

Walker

Shi

Blackwell

2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The general transcription factor TFIID sets the mRNA start site and consists of TATA-binding protein and associated factors (TAF II s), some of which are also present in SPT-ADA-GCN5 (SAGA)-related complexes. In yeast, results of multiple studies indicate that TFIID-specific TAF II s are not required for the transcription of most genes, implying that intact TFIID may have a surprisingly specialized role in transcription. Relatively little is known about how TAF II s contribute to metazoan transcription in vivo, especially at developmental and tissuespecific genes. Previously, we investigated functions of four shared TFIID/SAGA TAF II s in Caenorhabditis elegans. Whereas TAF-4 was required for essentially all embryonic transcription, TAF-5, TAF-9, and TAF-10 were dispensable at multiple developmental and other metazoan-specific promoters. Here we show evidence that in C. elegans embryos transcription of most genes requires TFIID-specific TAF-1. TAF-1 is not as universally required as TAF-4, but it is essential for a greater proportion of transcription than TAF-5, -9, or -10 and is important for transcription of many developmental and other metazoan-specific genes. TAF-2, which binds core promoters with TAF-1, appears to be required for a similarly substantial proportion of transcription. C. elegans TAF-1 overlaps functionally with the coactivator p300/ CBP (CBP-1), and at some genes it is required along with the TBP-like protein TLF(TRF2). We conclude that during C. elegans embryogenesis TAF-1 and TFIID have broad roles in transcription and development and that TFIID and TLF may act together at certain promoters. Our findings imply that in metazoans TFIID may be of widespread importance for transcription and for expression of tissue-specific genes.Eukaryotic mRNA transcription involves formation of a preinitiation complex (PIC) 1 at the core promoter, which directs initiation. The PIC includes a set of general transcription factors (TFIIA, B, D, E, F, and H) and a mediator complex, along with RNA polymerase II (pol II) (1, 2). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae many PIC components have surprisingly specific roles at particular gene subsets (3, 4). Much less is known about how individual PIC components contribute to transcription regulation in metazoans, which have evolved a greater complexity of stage-and tissue-specific gene control and additional genes that are not present in yeast.The general transcription factor TFIID is of particular interest because it establishes the start site and provides enzymatic activities that may regulate transcription (5, 6). TFIID is comprised of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) along with ϳ14 TBP-associated factors (TAF II s). TAF II s interact with core promoter elements and contact a diverse array of upstream transactivators (5-8). TAF-1 and TAF-2 together bind directly to the initiator (Inr) element, which encompasses the start site (9). TAF-1, the largest TAF II , is also necessary for TFIID stability and possesses histone acetyltransferase, kinase, and ubiquitin conjugating activitie...

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“…The pharynx is a neuromuscular pump that has some developmental and functional similarities to the heart (Haun et al, 1998;Maduro et al, 2001) and is required for ingesting food (Figure 4,A and B). The pharyngeal muscles are extensively gap junctioned so that a pump results in a compound action potential and simultaneous contraction of most of the pharyngeal muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Intermuscular Electrical Coupling by theCaenorhabditis elegansInnexininx-6

Dent

Roy

2003

MBoC

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The innexins represent a highly conserved protein family, the members of which make up the structural components of gap junctions in invertebrates. We have isolated and characterized a Caenorhabditis elegans gene inx-6 that encodes a new member of the innexin family required for the electrical coupling of pharyngeal muscles. inx-6(rr5) mutants complete embryogenesis without detectable abnormalities at restrictive temperature but fail to initiate postembryonic development after hatching. inx-6 is expressed in the pharynx at all larval stages, and an INX-6::GFP fusion protein showed a punctate expression pattern characteristic of gap junction proteins localized to plasma membrane plaques. Video recording and electropharyngeograms revealed that in inx-6(rr5) mutants the anterior pharyngeal (procorpus) muscles were electrically coupled to a lesser degree than the posterior metacorpus muscles, which caused a premature relaxation in the anterior pharynx and interfered with feeding. Dye-coupling experiments indicate that the gap junctions that link the procorpus to the metacorpus are functionally compromised in inx-6(rr5) mutants. We also show that another C. elegans innexin, EAT-5, can partially substitute for INX-6 function in vivo, underscoring their likely analogous function.

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Restriction of Mesendoderm to a Single Blastomere by the Combined Action of SKN-1 and a GSK-3β Homolog Is Mediated by MED-1 and -2 in C. elegans

Cited by 177 publications

References 54 publications

SKN-1 linksC. elegansmesendodermal specification to a conserved oxidative stress response

SKN-1 linksC. elegansmesendodermal specification to a conserved oxidative stress response

An Extensive Requirement for Transcription Factor IID-specific TAF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Transcription

Regulation of Intermuscular Electrical Coupling by theCaenorhabditis elegansInnexininx-6

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