Restrictive Eating Disorders and Skeletal Health in Adolescent Girls and Young Women

Thornton, Darcey; Gordon, Catherine M.

doi:10.1007/s00223-016-0164-0

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Nutritional status in terms of extremes of underweight and overweight have adverse consequences for bone accretion and development of optimal bone strength. Adolescents with anorexia have low bone density and reduced strength compared to normal weight peers, and these effects can be long lasting (79,80). At the other end of the spectrum, children with obesity have greater bone mineral content and density and greater cortical thickness than non-obese children (81).…”

Section: Diet and Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Kralick

Zemel

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Osteoporosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in contemporary populations. This common disease of aging results from a state of bone fragility that occurs with low bone mass and loss of bone quality. Osteoporosis is thought to have origins in childhood. During growth and development, there are rapid gains in bone dimensions, mass, and strength. Peak bone mass is attained in young adulthood, well after the cessation of linear growth, and is a major determinant of osteoporosis later in life. Here we discuss the evolutionary implications of osteoporosis as a disease with developmental origins that is shaped by the interaction among genes, behavior, health status, and the environment during the attainment of peak bone mass. Studies of contemporary populations show that growth, body composition, sexual maturation, physical activity, nutritional status, and dietary intake are determinants of childhood bone accretion, and provide context for interpreting bone strength and osteoporosis in skeletal populations. Studies of skeletal populations demonstrate the role of subsistence strategies, social context, and occupation in the development of skeletal strength. Comparisons of contemporary living populations and archeological skeletal populations suggest declines in bone density and strength that have been occurring since the Pleistocene. Aspects of western lifestyles carry implications for optimal peak bone mass attainment and lifelong skeletal health, from increased longevity to circumstances during development such as obesity and sedentism. In light of these considerations, osteoporosis is a disease of contemporary human evolution and evolutionary perspectives provide a key lens for interpreting the changing global patterns of osteoporosis in human health.

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Section: Diet and Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Kralick

Zemel

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Oestrogen affects iron status via hepcidin, and menopausal women often present with iron overload (42,43). Moreover, oestrogen can also directly affect bone metabolism (44,45). It is suggested that oestrogen may participate in the correlation between OP and iron status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No genetic causal association between iron status and osteoporosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization

Ma²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveTo explore the genetic causal association between osteoporosis (OP) and iron status through Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsPublicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data were used for MR analysis with four iron status-related indicators (ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation) as exposures and three different types of OP (OP, OP with pathological fracture, and postmenopausal OP with pathological fracture) as outcomes. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used to analyze the genetic causal association between the four indicators of iron status and OP. The heterogeneity of MR results was determined using IVW and MR–Egger methods. The pleiotropy of MR results was determined using MR–Egger regression. A leave-one-SNP-out test was performed to determine whether the MR results were affected by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The weighted median method was conducted to further validate our results.ResultsBased on IVW, MR–Egger and weighted median models, we found no causal association between iron status (ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity, or transferrin saturation) and OP (Pbeta > 0.05 in all models). IVW and MR–Egger analysis of OP with pathological fracture and iron status indicators showed no potential genetic causal association (Pbeta> 0.05 in the two analyses). The results of the weighted median were consistent with those of IVW (Pbeta> 0.05 in all analyses). There was no potential genetic causal association between iron status and postmenopausal OP with pathological fracture based on serum iron (Pbeta>0.05 in all models). No heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found in any of the analyses. None of the leave-one-out tests in the analyses found any SNP that could affect the results of MR.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that there is no genetic causal association between OP and iron status, but the effects of other factors were not excluded.

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“…Studies have shown that sedentary behavior, obesity, and eating disorders can contribute to low bone mineral density in adolescents and are important risk factors for adolescent bone health ( Pelegrini et al, 2020 ; Zuckerman-Levin et al, 2014 ; Pollock, 2015 ). Female adolescents may be at greater risk for bone health as most adolescent girls do not meet physical activity guidelines and are more likely to have an eating disorder ( Treuth et al, 2007 ; Bland et al, 2020 ; Thornton and Gordon, 2017 ). Therefore, it is important to take care of adolescent bone health issues, especially for female adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cheerleading practice on advanced glycation end products, areal bone mineral density, and physical fitness in female adolescents

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Exercise has been widely reported to promote bone health, but it is unknown whether is associated with a reduction in advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of 14 weeks of cheerleading exercise on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and AGEs.Methods: In this study, 46 female teenagers (age, 19.52 ± 1.21 years; body mass index, 20.15 ± 2.47 kg/m2) were randomly divided into a cheerleading group (CHE, n = 21) and a control group (CON, n = 25). The CHE group was subjected to cheerleading practice twice a week for 14 weeks; the CON group maintained their daily routine. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD, and autofluorescence (AF) values were used to reflect AGEs. Physical fitness testing all-in-one machines are used to test body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness and flexibility. A mixed ANOVA model was used to examine the effect of the intervention on each outcome. A multiple mediation model with covariates for physical activity and eating behaviors was performed to explore the mediators between cheerleading exercise and aBMD.Results: After 14 weeks of cheerleading practice, 1) aBMD increased significantly in both groups with significantly higher increases in the CHE group (p < 0.05). 2) AGEs significantly decreased in the CHE group (−2.7%), but not in the CON group (p > 0.05). 3) Vertical jumps and sit-ups significantly increased in the CHE group (p < 0.05), but not in the CON group (p > 0.05). 4) ΔAF values was significantly negatively correlated with Δ aBMD (r = −0.302, p < 0.05). 5) ΔAF values mediated the effect of exercise on the aBMD (indirect effect: 0.0032, 95% CI 0.0002–0.0079).Conclusion: Cheerleading practice improved aBMD and physical fitness and reduced AGEs accumulation in female adolescents. The effect of exercise on aBMD was partially mediated by AGEs.

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Restrictive Eating Disorders and Skeletal Health in Adolescent Girls and Young Women

Cited by 13 publications

References 107 publications

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

No genetic causal association between iron status and osteoporosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization

Effects of cheerleading practice on advanced glycation end products, areal bone mineral density, and physical fitness in female adolescents

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