Results and experience from amelioration trials in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests of Northeastern Bavaria

Changes of soil chemistry, stand nutrition, and stand growth at two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sites in Central Europe during 40 years after fertilization, liming, and lupine introduction

“…Particularly at the Pustert site, the accelerating increase of broadleaf tree biomass, which is characterized by foliage much richer in base cations and phosphorus compared to Scots pine foliage (Wittich 1961;Prietzel 2004;Krauß and Heinsdorf 2005) has counteracted or mitigated topsoil acidiWcation and will increasingly do so in the future. Table 8 Comparison of diVerent linear regression models including the mean annual volume increment of merchantable wood as dependent factor and the mean 100-fascicle masses as well as the mean foliar concentrations of current-year needles of the Scots pine stands of PfaVenwinkel and Pustert for the periods between the stand inventories (eight inventories between 1964/1965 and 1999/2003, respectively) Forty years after the diVerent amelioration treatments, the large diVerences between the topsoil chemistry at the plots with application of NPKMgCa fertilizer plus lime and those with combination of tillage, lupine sowing, liming, and PKMgCa fertilization, which had been reported in earlier studies (signiWcantly smaller topsoil C, N, and Ca stocks at the LUP plots compared to the FER plots of PfaVenwinkel 18 years after amelioration; Makeschin et al 1985;Rehfuess et al 1991) have leveled oV. In 2004, no signiWcant diVerences between the pH values, the base saturation, and the stocks of base cations, OC, and total N in the topsoil of the FER and the LUP plots could be noticed any more (Figs.…”

“…However, even after 40 years at both sites the topsoils with application of NPKMgCa fertilizer and lime still contain-even though not statistically signiWcant-larger stocks of N and exchangeable Ca than the plots with tillage, lupine sowing, liming, and PKMgCa fertilization. At Pustert, also the topsoil OC stock is stillagain not signiWcantly-larger at the FER than at the LUP plots, where signiWcant humus mineralization occurred during the Wrst years after tillage (Makeschin et al 1985;Rehfuess et al 1991). Moreover, after 40 years the cumulative production of merchantable wood and thus also the cumulative C sequestration in the Scots pine stands at both sites is still larger after NPKMgCa fertilization than after tillage, lupine sowing, and PKMgCa fertilization (Fig.…”

“…In recent decades they have received considerable N and S input by atmospheric deposition (Prietzel et al 1997(Prietzel et al , 2006. Earlier papers (Rehfuess and Schmidt 1971;Preuhsler and Rehfuess 1982;Makeschin et al 1985;Rehfuess et al 1991) have reported short-term (<20 years) fertilization eVects. The main questions to be addressed in this study are:…”

“…Since the most critical nutrient at that time generally was N, in most experiments diVerent approaches of N amendment were tested, again often combined with the application of other nutrients of short supply, including fertilization with gaseous ammonia, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, or nitrochalk (e.g., Zöttl and Kennel 1962;Heinsdorf 1966;Tamm et al 1974;Preuhsler and Rehfuess 1982). Another method tested was the introduction of N-Wxing plants, mainly lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus L. ;Nemeb 1942;Rehfuess et al 1991). The evaluation of these experiments showed that short-term stand growth of Scots pine could be enhanced mainly by N fertilization, but also by lupine introduction (e.g., Zöttl and Kennel 1962;Rehfuess and Schmidt 1971;Preuhsler and Rehfuess 1982).…”

Influence de la fertilisation sur la pérennité des aiguilles de jeunes Pinus sylvestris en plantation forestière

“…En ce qui concerne le pin sylvestre, de nombreux auteurs ont récemment étudié ces effets : -soit sur le système racinaire [18] ; -soit sur le devenir des éléments dans le sol [35,44] ; -soit sur l'aspect nutrition minérale et croissance [2,15,22,27]. Nos fonitrique-eau oxygénée à chaud de 0,4 g de matériel séché et homogénéisé [26] [25].…”