Results and Prospects of Using Activator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation in Complex Therapy for Patients with COVID-19

Abstract

The paper presents the results of a standard and complex treatment method using the peptide drug thymus thymalin in patients with COVID-19. One of the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect of thymalin is considered to be the ability of this peptide drug to influence the differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It was found that, as a result of standard treatment, patients in the control group showed a decrease in the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, C-reactive protein, D-dimer. The addition of thymalin to standard therapy accelerated the decline in both these indicators and the indicators of the T cell system. This has helped reduce the risk of blood clots in COVID-19 patients. The revealed properties of the thymus peptide preparation are the rationale for its inclusion in the complex treatment of coronavirus infection.

A nonrandomized phase 2 trial of oral thymic peptides in hospitalized patients with Covid-19

“…They found an accelerated reduction of pro-inflammatory markers, as well as improvement in T cell system indicators. 22 No deaths were reported in any of the groups. 22 However, safety data and time to recovery were not described.…”

“…22 No deaths were reported in any of the groups. 22 However, safety data and time to recovery were not described.…”

“…19 Finally, retrospective studies of subcutaneous Tα1 and a prospective randomized controlled trial on intramuscular thymic peptides in Covid-19 patients have shown reduction in mortality rates and improvement of the T cell system with normalization of IL-6 levels, respectively. [20][21][22] The pathogenesis of Covid-19 is thought to be driven by SARS-COV-2 replication in the early stages of disease, while a dysregulated immune/inflammatory response appears to promote tissue damage in later phases. 8 Therefore, the use of thymic peptides might improve immunomodulation and clinical outcomes in the complex management of COVID-19 of moderate to severe cases.…”

COVID-19: THREE PHASES OF THE PANDEMIC. Dynamics of cases, deaths and tests related to SARS-CoV-2 A systematic analysis of 213 countries and territories

“…115,123 There are plenty of studies which revealed that in certain cases, various prophylactic measures used to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses and bacteria, could have negative effects on the human body, have low efficacy or may even be useless in terms of prevention of diseases. Since the main target for SARS-CoV-2 are people with the weak immunity, 13,[40][41][42] and prolonged mental stress affects both the entire body, [124][125][126]236 and the immune system in particular, [237][238][239][240][241] a new study is needed to answer the question, if medical and non-medical measures used to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 could affect natural immunity. This question is especially relevant for countries which had a dramatic increase in cases and deaths during the third phase of the pandemic.…”

“…The loss of thymic reactivation might contribute to a worse prognosis. 97 Despite great importance of immunological dysregulation caused by T-cell deficiency, there were only a few studies with application of thymus derived medicines, 42,61,98 although the immunemodulating and protective effect of thymus extract has already been known for more than two hundred years. 99 On June 16, 2020, Professor Peter Horby said, that dexamethasone "is the only drug so far that has been shown to reduce mortalityand it reduces it significantly".…”