“…146) Being gauge invariant, this Newtonian relation between R q and ζ q also holds in 146) As can be seen from Table 9.1 which lists the equation of state of possible components of the very early universe. Since the early universe is dominated by radiation, not by dark matter or dark energy,P =ρ/3, then 12πG N (ρ +P) = 6H 2 .…”