Results from a literature review of menstruation-related restrictions in the United States and Canada

Riley, Amy Henderson; Slifer, Laura; Hughes, Jessica; Ramaiya, Astha

doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100537

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While school nurses are often the source of information and resources within a school setting for menstruation-related issues, 5 teachers also find themselves on the front lines of addressing this important developmental issue for preadolescents and adolescents. 11 Previous research has demonstrated teachers play a vital role in providing menstruation information and support for students, 5,12 consequently, it is imperative to understand their perceptions of menstruation experiences for this population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Teacher Perceptions of and Experiences with Student Menstruation in the School Setting

Huseth-Zosel

Secor-Turner

2021

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUND: Menstrual hygiene management is an important public health issue for adolescents. The objective of this study was to explore teacher perceptions and experiences addressing adolescent menstruation experiences at school and examine their perception of the impact of menstruation on student learning. METHODS:Teachers in a Midwest school district participated in an online survey about their perceptions of adolescent school-based menstruation experiences, including: experience and comfort-level with providing menstruation assistance, presence of menstrual products in classroom/office for students, perceptions about adolescent school-based menstruation experiences, and perceptions on the impact of menstruation on student learning. RESULTS:Two hundred and nine teachers participated in this study. Teachers perceived students' school-based menstruation experiences to be mostly negative, stressful, embarrassing, and focused on concealment. Teachers described school-based menstruation events as a distraction to learning and responded by offering emotional support and menstrual products, typically purchased by teachers.CONCLUSION: Teachers' negative perception of about menstruation and distractions in the classroom are amplified by social norms associated with overall menstruation-related stigma. Findings emphasize the importance of educating teachers on how to more positively address student menstruation experiences to foster a more supportive environment conducive to learning for these students.

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confidence: 99%

Teacher Perceptions of and Experiences with Student Menstruation in the School Setting

Huseth-Zosel

Secor-Turner

2021

Journal of School Health

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“…We acknowledge there is no perfect or right way to think and talk about menstruation. However, certain menstrual health stigma and communication complexities persist across networks 10 . Thus, we apply the social‐ecological model, a multilevel health behavior framework, 11 to examine the interplay of individual characteristics, personal interactions, and environments that can affect menstrual stigma and communication.…”

Section: Menstruation: a Routine Part Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, certain menstrual health stigma and communication complexities persist across networks. 10 Thus, we apply the social-ecological model, a multilevel health behavior framework, 11 to examine the interplay of individual characteristics, personal interactions, and environments that can affect menstrual stigma and communication. We conclude with a call to action for midwives and other health care providers to continue to mitigate stigma and normalize menstruation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual Health Stigma in the United States: Communication Complexities and Implications for Theory and Practice

Casola

Kunes

Jefferson

et al. 2021

J Midwife Womens Health

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Menstruation is a biological marker of health and wellness. In industrialized regions of the world, the average age of menarche is about 12 years, 1 and across the life span, people who menstruate can expect to have up to 400 menstrual cycles, or periods. Not all people who identify as women menstruate, and not all menstruating people identify as women. People who menstruate include cisgender women and girls, transgender people, and nonbinary people. A typical menstrual cycle is about 21 to 34 days, with menstrual bleeding lasting up to 7 days. 1 Menstruation can be accompanied by a myriad of benign symptoms, such as irritability, breast pain, abdominal bloating, fatigue, or general cramping as the uterus contracts to expel endometrial lining. 2 However, upward of 1 in 4 people who menstruate experience irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal menstrual bleeding, and/or other menstrual health problems such as severe pain. 3 Globally, menstrual health and hygiene is a forefront topic; it is one of the 5 interlinked priorities for empowering adolescent girls of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund 4 and is central to achieving several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. 5 In the United States, the American College of Nurse-Midwives states that a hallmark of midwifery is characterized by "recognition, promotion, and advocacy of menarche … as normal physiologic and developmental processes," 6 promoting menstruation and menstrual care as basic principles of health. In addition, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics both acknowledge the importance of understanding and discussing normal and abnormal menstruation patterns with patients, and both organizations suggest charting patient menstrual

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“…For example, in the United States and Canada, adult and adolescent experience restrictions alongside global countries, although how these might compare is unknown. 5 The menstrual restriction has several health impacts associated with it. A study conducted in 2014 in Nepal which assessed the chhaupadi practices and their effect reveals that women have experienced various forms of health problems like 40.6% extreme bleeding, 24% infection, 15.4% cold-related health problem, 35.4% mental health problem and 29% social health problems (includes 21.7% social neglect and 11.4% misbehaviour).16Similarly, girls having unsafe menstrual practices are more than three times higher at risk of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) than girls who have safe menstrual practices.17Also, girls have traumatic or shocking or fearful and negative experiences due to seclusion and not allowing to see father, brothers, and sun during menstruation.…”

Section: Impact Of Menstrual Restriction On Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the practices around the world; fruits are not allowed to eat during menstruation in Bangladesh and-household chores and religious functions not allowed in Nepal. [3][4][5] The menstrual related stigma of purity and pollution is deeply rooted in the Indian culture which also restricts women's freedom of movement.6In some countries, menstrual girls are not allowed to go to school by assuming a school is a holy place. 4 In Nepal, during menstruations, women are restricted to enter and touch their house so they live in a separate shelter called Chhaugoth or chhaupadi and also prohibited to touch male members, infants, pregnant women, holy people and restricted from sexual intercourse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual Restriction on Health, Education, and Empowerment: A Review of Literature

Paudel

Budathoki

Shahi³

2021

Europasian J Med Sci.

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A menstrual restriction is a form of social suffering which is also identified as a violation of the constitutional right globally. But menstrual restriction-related work is still a neglected area. This paper has adopted traditional types of reviews to conceptualize how the health, education, and empowerment of women have been affected by the menstrual restriction. This study suggests, the menstrual-related restriction is not only a developing world issue but exists globally which has a high impact on girl's health, education, and empowerment. Though, the research on implementation and evaluation of the menstrual restriction is still needed to establish the evidence.

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Results from a literature review of menstruation-related restrictions in the United States and Canada

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Teacher Perceptions of and Experiences with Student Menstruation in the School Setting

Teacher Perceptions of and Experiences with Student Menstruation in the School Setting

Menstrual Health Stigma in the United States: Communication Complexities and Implications for Theory and Practice

Menstrual Restriction on Health, Education, and Empowerment: A Review of Literature

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