Results from electrolysis test of a prototype inert anode: Inert Electrode Program

Abstract

Aluminum reduction pots at the Pittsburgh ReductionCompany's (Alcoa's) plant i n 1889. Adapted from a photograph, courtesy of Alcoa. DISCLAIMERThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any WUIUI~~, expnsrcd or implkd, or assumes any kgal liability or nsponribi#tr for the accuracy, c o f n~, or uwfulmss of any information, apparlbs, produd, or process dirdortd, or rtprtsents that its use wwM not infdnge privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government of any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

Final report on the characterization of the film on inert anodes

“…Moreover, their cermet inert anodes, which were subjected to electrolysis for times longer than those in this study, showed an outer layer of NiFe204 without any significant amount of NiO, suggesting that the spinel was less soluble than the NiO. In the prototype anode test as well, the outer surface of the anode was depleted in Ni (Strachan et al 1990). But in the tests reported here the NiO did not appear to react with the cryolite as it did with the spinel.…”

Final report on the PNL program to develop an alumina sensor. Sensors Development Program

“…, ® The viability of the RA in the prototype anode test was inconclusive at best. As discussed in Strachan et al (1990), the prototype anode corroded severely. However, no significant corrosion was indicated by signals from the RA.…”

“…The results of the development studies for ali eight of the above techniques were reported, in part, in seven previous PNL documents (Hart et al 1987;Brenden 1988;Strachan et al 1988;Strachan et al 1990;Williford and Windisch 1992;. The purpose of the present report is to summarize these results in one document and to include the results of the studies that, for one reason or another, were not previously reported in entirety.…”

Results from a pilot cell test of cermet anodes

“…Although the powders from XBAT-5 through XBAT-8 yielded the same sintered Material "5324" Powder XBAT-9 XBAT-8 XBAT-7 "5324" + 17% Cu XBAT-9 + 17% Cu XBAT-8 + 17% Cu XBAT-7 + 17% Cu Lab Anode ("5324" + 17% Cu) Test Anode {XBAT-9 + 17% Cu) Sintered Densities, g/cm 3 Consolidation Pressure, MPa(kpsi) 91 MPa (13 kpsi) 140 MPa (20 kpsi) 5.60 5.70 5.47 6.05 5.94 5.85 5.62 5.72 5.78 6.11 5.99 6.05 6.06 5.97 densities as the "5324" powder after pressing at 140 MPa and sintering, when XBAT-9 was similarly pressed and sintered, the final density was about 0.1 g/cm 3 lower. Therefore, the densities of the pilot cell anodes were about 0.2 g/cm 3 lower than the densities of anodes that had be~n tested in the lab and the prototype anode used in the large laboratory-scale test (Strachan et al 1990). If 6.1 g/cm 3 is considered the theoretical density for the cermet, then the anodes were approximately 95% dense .…”