Results from the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE): Airborne Versus Surface Sampling of Mineral Dust and Sea Salt Aerosols

McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.; Howell, S. G.; Pinkerton, M.; Anderson, B. E.; Thornhill, Lee; Hudgins, C. H.; Winstead, Edward L.; Dibb, Jack E.; Scheuer, Eric; Maring, Hal

doi:10.1080/02786820601118406

Cited by 228 publications

(192 citation statements)

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“…Moore et al (2004) performed an inlet comparison study and found the SDI to effectively pass submicrometer, as well as optically relevant coarse mode aerosol. McNaughton et al (2007) tested University of Hawai'i's SDI against ground based measurements during the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE) and found that submicrometer scattering agreed within 16 %. The inlet efficiently transmits both dust and sea salt particles smaller than about 4 µm (50 % cut-off) in dry diameter.…”

Section: Inletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter and non-refractory aerosol over the remote Southeast Pacific: oceanic and combustion sources

et al. 2012

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(SO 4 ) and organics (Org), during VOCALS and the cruise show lower absolute values than those reported for previous "clean air" studies. In the marine boundary layer, average concentrations for SO 4 were 0.52 µg m −3 for the VOCALS region and 0.85 µg m −3 for the equatorial region while average Org concentrations were 0.10 and 0.07 µg m −3 , respectively. Campaign average Org/SO 4 ratios were 0.19 (VOCALS) and 0.08 (equatorial Pacific). Black carbon (BC) measurements from a single particle soot photometer (SP2) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations over the Southeast Pacific provided sensitive indicators of pollution. CO and BC were used to identify the least polluted air, which had average concentrations of SO 4 and Org of 0.14 and 0.01 µg m −3 , respectively, with an average Org/SO 4 of 0.08. Data from IMPEX was constrained to similar clean air criterion, and resulted in an average Org/SO 4 ratio of 0.19. Under the cleanest MBL conditions during VOCALS, identified by CO below 61 ppbv, a robust linear relationship between Org and BC concentrations revealed that even at very low pollution levels, combustion sources dominated organic aerosol, suggesting little to no marine source of submicrometer Org to the atmosphere over the eastern South Pacific. This means marine organics cannot be identified by merely setting a standard for background conditions below which anthropogenic influence can be disregarded. Other methods must be used to exclude nonmarine sources.

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Section: Inletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter and non-refractory aerosol over the remote Southeast Pacific: oceanic and combustion sources

et al. 2012

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“…It is a modified version of the shrouded inlet used by Hawaii University on board of NASA DC-8 aircraft (McNaughton et al 2007). The sample air was taken through a 4.2-meters and 22-mm diameter stainless steel tube into the cabin.…”

Section: Airborne Instrumentation and Data Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical and horizontal variation of aerosol number size distribution in the boreal environment

Väänänen

Krejci

Manninen

et al. 2016

Preprint

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15This study explores the vertical and horizontal variability of the particle number size distribution from two flight measurements campaigns over a boreal forest in Hyytiälä, Finland during May-June 2013 and March-April 2014, respectively. Our other aims were to study the spatial extent of new particle formation events and to compare the airborne observation with the ground measurements from the SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations) field station located in Hyytiälä.The airborne measurements extended vertically 3.8 km and horizontally 30 km from the station. A Cessna 172 aircraft was 20 used as a measurement platform. The measured parameters included the particle number concentration (>3 nm) and particle number size distribution (10-400 nm). The airborne data used in this study were equal to 111 flight hours. The measurements showed that despite local fluctuations there was a good agreement between the on-ground and airborne measurements inside the planetary boundary layer. On median, the airborne total number concentration was found to be 10 % larger than at the ground level. The seasonal and meteorological differences between the campaigns were reflected in aerosol properties. NPF 25 days showed areas of intensified NPF on a scale from kilometres up to couple of tens of kilometres in the planetary boundary layer. NPF was also observed frequently in the free troposphere.Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., doi:10.5194/acp-2016Discuss., doi:10.5194/acp- -556, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Published: 18 July 2016 c Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License. 2 IntroductionAtmospheric measurements performed at ground-based stations are often generalized to represent the conditions on the larger scale. However, the spatial and temporal scales of the complex atmospheric phenomena, like new particle formation (NPF), and information on spatial variability of aerosol properties is needed for correct extrapolation and parametrization of groundbased observations to larger scale and for use in modelling studies. 5Numerous measurement have shown that the NPF from precursor gases (Kulmala et al. 2013) occurs frequently around the world (Kulmala and Kerminen 2008, Kulmala et al. 2004, Zhang et al. 2012, and that the subsequent growth of these fresh-born particles is a climatically important source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) . Model studies by Spracklen et al (2008) and Merikanto et al (2009) show that NPF in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) can increase the global PBL CCN production up to 50 %. The Hyytiälä SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-10Atmosphere Relations) measurement site located in Southern Finland has provided an extensive two-decade long measurement time series of aerosol properties in a rural boreal forest environment (Hari and Kulmala 2005, Nieminen et al. 2014). In Hyytiälä, NPF days are occurring regularly on around 25% of the days with a peak observed during the spring when NPF occurs almost every other day on average , Nieminen et al. 2014....

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“…Instrument supersaturation was stepped between three calibrated supersaturations: ∼0.28, 0.42, and 0.57 %. Ambient aerosol was sampled using the Langley Aerosol Research Group Experiment (LARGE) aircraft inlet, which has 3-4 µm cut size (McNaughton et al, 2007). Dry particle size distributions (8.5-414 nm), which are needed for the model simulations, were measured by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS).…”

Section: Application Of the Model To Sample Arctas Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coupled observation – modeling approach for studying activation kinetics from measurements of CCN activity

et al. 2012

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Abstract. This paper presents an approach to study droplet activation kinetics from measurements of CCN activity by the Continuous Flow Streamwise Thermal Gradient CCN Chamber (CFSTGC) and a comprehensive model of the instrument and droplet growth. The model, which can be downloaded from http://nenes.eas.gatech.edu/Experiments/ CFSTGC.html, is evaluated against a series of experiments with ammonium sulfate calibration aerosol. Observed and modeled droplet sizes are in excellent agreement for a water vapor uptake coefficient ∼0.2, which is consistent with theoretical expectations. The model calculations can be considerably accelerated without significant loss of accuracy by assuming simplified instrument geometry and constant parabolic flow velocity profiles. With these assumptions, the model can be applied to large experimental data sets to infer kinetic growth parameters while fully accounting for water vapor depletion effects and changes in instrument operation parameters such as the column temperature, flow rates, sheath and sample flow relative humidities, and pressure. When the effects of instrument operation parameters, water vapor depletion and equilibrium dry particle properties on droplet size are accounted for, the remaining variations in droplet size are most likely due to non-equilibrium processes such as those caused by organic surface films, slow solute dissociation and glassy or highly viscous particle states. As an example of model application, data collected during a research flight in the ARCTAS 2008 campaign are analyzed. The model shows that water vapor depletion effects can explain changes in the observed average droplet size.

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Results from the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE): Airborne Versus Surface Sampling of Mineral Dust and Sea Salt Aerosols

Cited by 228 publications

References 49 publications

Organic matter and non-refractory aerosol over the remote Southeast Pacific: oceanic and combustion sources

Organic matter and non-refractory aerosol over the remote Southeast Pacific: oceanic and combustion sources

Vertical and horizontal variation of aerosol number size distribution in the boreal environment

A coupled observation – modeling approach for studying activation kinetics from measurements of CCN activity

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