Results of a Longitudinal Study of Airsickness during Naval Flight Officer Training: Executive Summary.

Hixson, W. C.; Guedry, Fred E.; Lentz, Steven R.

doi:10.21236/ada150887

Cited by 3 publications

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“…While normal individuals may only become sick in harsh force environments, including rough seas (Kennedy et al 1968) and space flight (Graybiel et al 1975; Money 1981; Putcha et al 1999), motion susceptible individuals can readily become sick when travelling by car, bus, train, or plane (Turner and Griffin 1999), which we term ‘common transport’. In a study by the United States Navy, motion sickness was encountered in 13.5% of aircrew, with 5.9% of them experiencing vomiting (Hixson et al 1984). Turner and Griffin (1999) surveyed 3,256 people traveling by bus or coach in the UK; 28.4% reported some level of sickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged reduction of motion sickness sensitivity by visual-vestibular interaction

2011

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The angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were elicited simultaneously at low frequencies to study effects of habituation of the velocity storage time constant in the vestibular system on motion sickness. Twenty-nine subjects, eleven of whom were susceptible to motion sickness from common transportation, were habituated by sinusoidal rotation at 0.017 Hz at peak velocities from 5 to 20°/s, while they watched a full-field OKN stimulus. The OKN stripes rotated in the same direction and at the same frequency as the subjects, but at a higher velocity. This produced an OKN opposite in direction to the aVOR response. Motion sickness sensitivity was evaluated with off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) and by the response to transportation before and after 5 days of visual-vestibular habituation. Habituation did not induce motion sickness or change the aVOR gains, but it shortened the vestibular time constants in all subjects. This greatly reduced motion sickness produced by OVAR and sensitivity to common transport in the motion susceptible subjects, which persisted for up to 18 weeks. Two motion susceptible subjects who only had aVOR/OKN habituation without being tested with OVAR also became asymptomatic. Normal subjects who were not habituated had no reduction in either their aVOR time constants or motion sickness sensitivity. The opposing aVOR/OKN stimulation, which has not been studied before, was well tolerated, and for the first time was an effective technique for rapid and prolonged habituation of motion sickness without exposure to drugs or other nauseating habituation stimuli.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged reduction of motion sickness sensitivity by visual-vestibular interaction

2011

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“…Some authors report finding a significant relationship between observed susceptibility to air or seasickness and scores on MSQs or provocative tests (Hixson, Guedry & Lentz, 1984;Keinan, Friedland, Yitzhaky & Moran, 1981). However, Lentz (1984) concluded a lengthy development and evaluation of five laboratory tests of motion sickness susceptibility by commenting that 'all of these tests have had typically low correlations with field conditions ' (pp.…”

Section: Reliabilio and Validiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion sickness and perception: A reappraisal of the sensory conflict approach

Yardley

1992

British J of Psychology

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This review examines the role of activity and perceptual learning in motion sickness by means of a survey of the two kinds of recent research relevant to this topic. The first is a body of literature concerned not with motion sickness as such, but with perception of orientation and self-motion under the conditions of 'sensory conflict' which are thought to provoke motion sickness. The second consists of investigations into the prediction and prevention of motion sickness itself. A major weakness is identified in the methodologies employed in both types of research: namely, a neglect of the way in which responses to unusual and disorienting environments, whether nauseogenic or not, may be affected by the activities, skills and strategies of the perceiver. New directions are outlined for future research into immediate reactions and longer-term adaptation to such environments.

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“…Although few verifiable statistics exist on attrition of naval aircrew due to motion sickness, a review of the literature indicates 10-38% of student pilots and approximately 50% of navigators show some degree of airsickness during training with concomitant decreases in flight performance ratings (Banks, Salisbury & Ceresia, 1992;Dobie, 1974;Money, 1970). In addition, motion sickness is the stated cause of attrition for an estimated one percent of student pilots and 5% of student navigators (Banks et al;Brand, 1970;Chinn, 1951b;Dobie & May, 1994;Hixson, Guedry & Lentz, 1984;Jones, Levy, Gardner, Marsh, & Patterson, 1985;Money, 1970;Royal, Jessen & Wilkins, 1984;Ryback, Rudd, Matz, & Jennings, 1970;Wood et al, 1965). A review of the seasickness literature reveals that 10-90% of naval personnel are susceptible to episodes of seasickness, depending upon the motion of the ship (i.e.…”

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A Comparison of Intranasal and Oral Scopolamine for Motion Sickness Prevention in Military Personnel

Simmons¹,

Phillips²,

Lojewski³

et al. 2008

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Executive SummaryMotion sickness in astronauts, aviators, and military personnel often leads to decrements in operational performance. The anti-motion sickness medication, scopolamine, is effective; however, oral and transdermal administrations have proven problematic due to slow absorption, low bioavailability, unpredictable therapeutic effect, potential medication loss due to emesis, and side effects. Although efficacy and side-effect characteristics of intranasally administered scopolamine have not been established, results from preliminary studies indicate intranasal scopolamine has faster absorption, higher bioavailability, and a more reliable therapeutic index than equivalent oral or transdermal forms. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy, side-effect profile, and pharmacotherapeutics of a 0.4 mg dose of intranasal scopolamine gel and a 0.8 mg dose of oral scopolamine. It was hypothesized that intranasal delivery of scopolamine would rapidly achieve therapeutic concentrations at lower doses compared to oral scopolamine while minimizing medication-induced performance impairment. To test these hypotheses, 54 aviation candidates, 50 male and 4 female, were recruited and randomized to one of three treatment groups [intranasal scopolamine gel (IN SCOP); oral scopolamine (PO SCOP); or placebo] and then exposed to passive Coriolis cross-coupling for 40 minutes or until moderate nausea was reported. Medication efficacy was determined by number of head movements tolerated among groups and pharmacotherapeutics for IN SCOP and PO SCOP were determined by salivary assay. Side-effect profiles for all groups were derived from performance on a cognitive battery, measurements of near-focus visual accommodation (VA), scores on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and motion sickness questionnaires. Analysis detected no significant differences in the number of head movements tolerated among groups, p > 0.05. Pharmacotherapeutic data show increased scopolamine absorption and decreased time to reach maximum salivary concentration with intranasal administration (T max = 1.463 ± 0.98 hr, C max = 54.857± 103.739 ng/mL, AUC = 51.732 ± 93.802 ng*h/mL). No treatment effects were detected over time on the cognitive battery, VA, or KSS, p > 0.05. An ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in heart rate over time for IN SCOP and PO SCOP versus placebo at several time points post-dose, while no clinically significant differences were found for systolic or diastolic blood pressures. A negative linear relationship was found between Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (MSSQ) scores and number of head movements (r = -.24, p < .05). The present study lacked sufficient power to draw definitive conclusions regarding efficacy or to make adequate comparisons between the two medications, F (2, 50) = 0.743, p > .05, observed power = 17 %, however; medication absorption was significantly greater for IN SCOP at onehalf the dose (0.4 mg v. 0.8 mg) with no side effects or detrimental impact to performance. 3 Introduction Impac...

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Results of a Longitudinal Study of Airsickness during Naval Flight Officer Training: Executive Summary.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Prolonged reduction of motion sickness sensitivity by visual-vestibular interaction

Prolonged reduction of motion sickness sensitivity by visual-vestibular interaction

Motion sickness and perception: A reappraisal of the sensory conflict approach

A Comparison of Intranasal and Oral Scopolamine for Motion Sickness Prevention in Military Personnel

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