Results of a Randomized Trial on an Intervention Promoting Adoption of Occupational Sun Protection Policies

Buller, David B.; Walkosz, Barbara J.; Buller, Mary Klein; Wallis, Allan D.; Andersen, Peter E.; Scott, Michael D.; Eye, Rachel; Liu, Xia; Cutter, Gary

doi:10.1177/0890117117704531

Cited by 12 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Sunscreen use and other sun protection behaviors have been shown to decrease sunburning and the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Past skin cancerprevention interventions for outdoor workers such as lifeguards, other recreation workers, farmers, and mail carriers have often included multiple components such as education, placing messages at the worksite, videos discussing sun protection methods and the cancerous effects of UVR exposure, showing ultraviolet filtered photos of the face demonstrating existing skin damage, sending text message reminders of the weather report, role modeling, physician skin examinations, environmental support such as sunscreen dispensers and shade structures, and policy changes (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). At least 13 moderate to high-quality studies from the United States and elsewhere have demonstrated desirable intervention effects of up to a year on various sun-safety behaviors (i.e., sunscreen, hat, long-sleeve, sunglasses, and shelter use) and in some cases, sunburn (27,28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sun Solutions Intervention for Operating Engineers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Duffy

Hall

Tan

et al. 2018

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Because Operating Engineers (heavy equipment operators) are outdoor workers at risk for skin cancer, interventions are needed to promote sun safety. The objectives were to determine changes in sunscreen use and sunburning among Operating Engineers randomized to four conditions in the Sun Solutions study: (i) education only; (ii) education and text message reminders; (ii) education and mailed sunscreen; and (iv) education, text message reminders, and mailed sunscreen. In this randomized controlled trial, Operating Engineers ( = 357) were recruited at required safety training sessions throughout Michigan during winter/spring of 2012 to 2013 and provided baseline surveys. The four interventions were delivered over the summer. Postintervention surveys were collected in the fall (82.1% follow-up). Sunscreen use improved significantly from baseline to follow-up in all four conditions ( < 0.05), except sunscreen use among those receiving education and text message reminders was only marginally significant ( = 0.07). There were significantly greater increases in sunscreen use in the two conditions that were mailed sunscreen ( < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the number of reported sunburns from baseline to follow-up in all four conditions ( < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in sunburns among the groups. Participant evaluated the interventions highly with those who received mailed sunscreen rating the intervention the highest. Providing proper sun-safety education and minimizing barriers to sunscreen use can increase sunscreen use and decrease reported sunburns. The implementation of the Sun Solutions intervention may be an effective method to modify skin cancer-related behaviors. .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sun Solutions Intervention for Operating Engineers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Duffy

Hall

Tan

et al. 2018

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…In a randomized controlled trial enrolling 98 local government organizations in Colorado (ie, cities, counties, and special taxing districts with outdoor workers in public works, public safety [eg, fire protection], and parks and recreation), half of the organizations were randomized to receive the Sun Safe Workplaces intervention and the remaining organizations were assigned to an attention‐control condition. As described elsewhere, Sun Safe Workplaces promoted adoption of workplace sun safety policies and provided training in personal sun protection for outdoor workers. The intervention aimed to convince senior managers to adopt sun safety policies and agree to the sun safety training by increasing the perceived need for workplace sun safety and fit of policy/education with workplaces’ safety mission/procedures .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Project staff maintained open channels of communication and developed relationships with the senior managers and engaged in involved communication about policies and education on worksite sun safety . Research staff met in‐person with senior managers to discuss policy, provided printed and online resources, and conducted trainings for employees on personal sun protection, with the aim of having the employers adopt formal written sun protection policies and implement them …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, policy‐focused results of a randomized field trial evaluating Sun Safe Workplaces, an intervention that promoted adoption of sun safety policy by employers and provided education to employees, are presented. We have reported that the Sun Safe Workplaces intervention increased written policies on and implementation of workplace sun safety by local government organizations, in one of the few prospective trials to focus on employers’ policy‐related actions regarding employee sun protection . To better describe the policy implementation process in this trial, we have analyzed whether senior managers’ awareness of the policy or their own sun protection behaviors predicted implementation of actions to support sun protection by employees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Senior managers’ awareness of sun protection policy predicts implementation of worksite sun safety in a randomized trial

Walkosz

Buller

et al. 2019

American J Industrial Med

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Background: Outdoor workers experience chronic exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV) elevating their risk for skin cancer. Methods: A controlled randomized trial promoted the adoption of workplace sun safety policy and employee education at 98 public organizations in Colorado. A 2-year follow-up study with 68 organizations assessed the association of senior manager awareness of sun safety policies and implementation of sun safety actions. Results: Senior managers' awareness of existing sun safety policies, but not their personal sun protection behaviors, predicted implementation of sun safety actions including the number of sun protection messages and sun protection items in the workplace and increased communication about sun safety to employees. Conclusions: Organizational adoption of sun safety policy must include efforts to broadly inform a workplace's senior management to ensure the policies are actually implemented and provide support for sun protection behaviors by outdoor workers to reduce UV exposure and skin cancer risk. K E Y W O R D S cancer, occupational, policy, prevention, skin

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“…A randomized trial is being conducted to compare two methods of scaling up, nationwide, an effective occupational sun protection intervention, Sun Safe Workplaces ( SSW ), that promotes policy and education for outdoor workers [ [9] , [10] , [11] ]. Americans laboring outdoors are regularly exposed to high doses of solar ultraviolet radiation over many years [ 12 , 13 ] that elevate risk for skin cancer [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ], especially keratinocyte cancers [ [20] , [21] , [22] ] but also melanoma [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and baseline data of a randomized trial comparing two methods for scaling-up an occupational sun protection intervention

Buller

Meenan

et al. 2020

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Background Successful methods for scaling-up evidence-based programs are needed to prevent skin cancer among adults who work outdoors in the sun. Methods A randomized trial is being conducted comparing two methods of scaling-up the Sun Safe Workplaces (SSW) intervention. Departments of transportation (DOTs) from 21 U.S. states are participating and their 138 regional districts were randomized following baseline assessment. In districts assigned to the in-person method ( n = 46), project staff meets personally with managers, conducts trainings for employees, and provides printed materials. In districts assigned to the digital method ( n = 92), project staff conduct these same activities virtually, using conferencing technology, online training, and electronic materials. Delivery of SSW in both groups was tailored to managers' readiness to adopt occupational sun safety. Posttesting will assess manager's support for and use of SSW and employees' sun safety. An economic evaluation will explore whether the method that uses digital technology results in lower implementation of SSW but is more cost-effective relative to the in-person method. Results The state DOTs range in size from 997 to 18,415 employees. At baseline, 1113 managers (49.0%) completed the pretest (91.5% male, 91.1% white, 19.77 years on the job, 66.5% worked outdoors; and 24.4% had high-risk skin types). They were generally supportive of occupational sun safety. A minority reported that the employer had a written policy, half reported training, and two-thirds, messaging on sun protection. Conclusions Digital methods are available that may make scale-up of SSW cost-effective in a national distribution to nearly half of the state DOTs. Trial registration: The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number is NCT03278340 .

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Results of a Randomized Trial on an Intervention Promoting Adoption of Occupational Sun Protection Policies

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

The Sun Solutions Intervention for Operating Engineers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Sun Solutions Intervention for Operating Engineers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Senior managers’ awareness of sun protection policy predicts implementation of worksite sun safety in a randomized trial

Design and baseline data of a randomized trial comparing two methods for scaling-up an occupational sun protection intervention

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