Results of blood pressure screening in a population of school-aged children in the province of Milan: role of overweight

Genovesi, Simonetta; Giussani, Marco; Pieruzzi, Federico; Vigorita, Federico; Arcovio, Claudia; Cavuto, Silvio; Stella, Andréa

doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000160203.35910.9f

Cited by 127 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that obesityis closely associated with blood pressure 8,49 and hypertension in adults 50 as well as in children and adolescents. [13][14][15][16] Studies have also shown that elevated HR is an important predictor of death and is caused by mainly by cardiovascular diseases. Resting tachycardia has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 According to cutoffs suggested by the World Health Organization, individuals with BMI o18.50 kg m À2 are underweight, with BMI 18.50-24.90 kg m À2 are normal, with BMI of 25-29.90 kg m À2 are considered overweight and with BMI of X30 kg m À2 are considered as obese. 12 Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities, such as hypertension [13][14][15][16][17][18] and high resting heart rate (HR). 19,20 Hypertension is a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases and death 21,22 and is also an important component of the metabolic syndrome, 23 which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Dimkpa

Oji

2009

J Hum Hypertens

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We aimed at investigating whether the degree of adiposity is related to haemodynamic variables such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and resting heart rate (HR), and to haemodynamic abnormalities such as hypertension and resting tachycardia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among young students in Ebonyi State University, Nigeria. A total of 710 subjects (350 males and 360 females) aged 20-25 years were recruited for the study. Resting blood pressure and HR of subjects were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measurements. The observed prevalences in this study were as follows: overweight, 20% in males and 26% in females; obesity, 8% in males and 6% in females; hypertension, 17% in males and 14% in females; and resting tachycardia, 22% in males and 24% in females. In both genders, BMI showed significant correlations (Po0.001 or Po0.01 or Po0.05) with SBP, DBP and HR after controlling for age and physical activity status, and SBP indicated the strongest association with BMI. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension and tachycardia increased with an increase in BMI level, whereas overweight/obese subjects indicated significantly higher risk of hypertension than did the non-overweight/obese controls. The present findings therefore strengthen the previously reported usefulness of BMI in predicting cardiovascular risks and add to our understanding of the early development of obesity-related cardiovascular abnormalities in young adults and the need to prevent obesity early in life and to avoid its unfavourable lifethreatening consequences later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Dimkpa

Oji

2009

J Hum Hypertens

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“…Clearly, it is not simple to define and to quantify each item, and some suggested risk criteria reference standards are still missing, but this pathway could help pediatricians to decide which subjects to evaluate and follow-up in depth. In this scenario, we consider hypertension, recently confirmed a frequent finding in childhood obesity, [95][96] as a clinical feature because of its possibility to be assessed during a standard clinical examination.…”

Section: Minor Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic risk-factor clustering estimation in children: to draw a line across pediatric metabolic syndrome

et al. 2007

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Background: The diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome (MS) have been applied in studies of obese adults to estimate the metabolic risk-associated with obesity, even though no general consensus exists concerning its definition and clinical value. We reviewed the current literature on the MS, focusing on those studies that used the MS diagnostic criteria to analyze children, and we observed extreme heterogeneity for the sets of variables and cutoff values chosen. Objectives: To discuss concerns regarding the use of the existing definition of the MS (as defined in adults) in children and adolescents, analyzing the scientific evidence needed to detect a clustering of cardiovascular risk-factors. Finally, we propose a new methodological approach for estimating metabolic risk-factor clustering in children and adolescents. Results: Major concerns were the lack of information on the background derived from a child's family and personal history; the lack of consensus on insulin levels, lipid parameters, markers of inflammation or steato-hepatitis; the lack of an additive relevant effect of the MS definition to obesity per se. We propose the adoption of 10 evidence-based items from which to quantify metabolic risk-factor clustering, collected in a multilevel Metabolic Individual Risk-factor And CLustering Estimation (MIRACLE) approach, and thus avoiding the use of the current MS term in children. Conclusion: Pediatricians should consider a novel and specific approach to assessing children/adolescents and should not simply derive or adapt definitions from adults. Evaluation of insulin and lipid levels should be included only when specific references for the relation of age, gender, pubertal status and ethnic origin to health risk become available. This new approach could be useful for improving the overall quality of patient evaluation and for optimizing the use of the limited resources available facing to the obesity epidemic.

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“…15,16 Since childhood hypertension is associated with adulthood hypertension and other chronic diseases, 4 previous studies advocate the early detection and prevention of childhood hypertension. 11,15,[17][18][19] In Taiwan, the increasing availability of high fat, high calorie foods has contributed to the continually increasing obesity levels of adults and children. 20 However, no population-based studies examine the relationship between hypertension and obesity in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trend of hypertension and its relationship to the weight status among Taiwanese young adolescents

2011

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This study evaluates prevalence of hypertension in 1996 and 2006, and examines the relationship between hypertension and weight of Taiwanese young adolescents. Two cross-sectional surveys, administered in 1996 and 2006, to junior-high school in Taipei were included. Anthropometric and blood pressure were measured using standard methods, and structured questionnaire was used to collect personal history and lifestyle characteristics. Overweight and obesity are defined based on Taiwan's Department of Health criteria and bases pre-hypertension and hypertension on the 90th and 95th percentile distribution of blood pressure of the population of both surveys. The prevalence of pre-hypertension in Taiwan between 1996 and 2006 increased from 12.0 to 14.4% for boys and decreased from 9.5 to 9.4% for girls. Hypertension increased from 22.8-29.7% and 12.5-20.7% for both boys and girls, respectively. In 1996, compared with normal young adolescents, the risk of hypertension for overweight was 1.8 times higher for boys and 3.4 times for girls. However, the risk of hypertension for overweight in 2006 was 1.7 times higher for boys and 1.5 times higher for girls compared with normal. Every unit increment of body mass index and waist circumference was associated with 17-27% and 6-11% risk of hypertension in both genders in 1996, and was associated with 9-13% and 4% risk of hypertension among young adolescents in 2006, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension has increased significantly in young adolescents, especially for overweight. It is necessary to enrol young adolescents in weight management programs to prevent hypertension-related co-morbidities.

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Results of blood pressure screening in a population of school-aged children in the province of Milan: role of overweight

Abstract: Our study indicates the importance of performing BP screenings in the paediatric population, and to promote interventions that may reduce the prevalence of OW in children.

Cited by 127 publications

References 25 publications

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Relationship of body mass index with haemodynamic variables and abnormalities in young adults

Metabolic risk-factor clustering estimation in children: to draw a line across pediatric metabolic syndrome

The trend of hypertension and its relationship to the weight status among Taiwanese young adolescents

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