Results of daily oral dosing with up to 60,000 international units (iu) of vitamin D3 for 2 to 6 years in 3 adult males

McCullough, Patrick J.; Amend, Jeffrey

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.009

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A strong argument can be made that taking daily doses in this range is not only likely to be safe, which is consistent with our experience [59] and that of others [55,85,129,[137][138][139][140], but will also sustain AMP production long enough to eradicate an infection. We will discuss our experience in using these doses for extended periods of time and the serum 25(OH)D concentrations we observed in section 6, but will first review several important aspects of currently available sources of vitamin D.…”

Section: Vitamin D Generates Antimicrobial Peptides Active Against Nusupporting

confidence: 87%

The Essential Role of Vitamin D in the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides May Explain Why Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Infections

Pj¹,

Amend²,

Wp³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A primary action of vitamin D is regulation of gene transcription. Many cell types possess genes that make antimicrobial peptides (AMPS) (endogenous antibiotics), recently discovered to be regulated by vitamin D. Two examples are cathelicidin and beta defensins, both bioactive against many different bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, parasites and viruses. The signal transduction pathway is triggered by sensing microorganisms via cell surface receptors, causing intracellular production of calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D) and vitamin D receptors, leading to upregulation of AMP production. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations required to sustain adequate AMP production to eradicate infections are unknown. Vitamin D3 is photosynthesized in skin in amounts ranging from 10,000 (250 mcg) to 25,000 (625 mcg) International Units (IU) from 7-dehydrocholesterol after whole-body exposure to one minimal erythemal dose (MED) of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and is impacted by many factors including geographic localities, seasonal changes and skin pigmentation. We and others have reported extended daily oral dosing with these amounts of vitamin D3 safe. We routinely observe serum 25(OH)D concentrations below 20ng/ml on new admissions, which have been reported insufficient to sustain AMP production. In contrast serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 100ng/ml have been reported after serial UVB treatments for psoriasis. Little vitamin D naturally occurs in food, and insufficient sun exposure may be causing worldwide deficiency. We review evidence suggesting that higher daily intakes of vitamin D3 than the currently recommended 600 (15 mcg) IU/day may be necessary to sustain AMP production in the face of an overwhelming infection, particularly in non-Hispanic blacks, a high risk population suffering the worst outcomes from COVID-19. We propose that increased vitamin D supplementation could provide a safe and cost-effective way to protect all populations from infections, in particular those from pandemic COVID-19.

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Section: Vitamin D Generates Antimicrobial Peptides Active Against Nusupporting

confidence: 87%

The Essential Role of Vitamin D in the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides May Explain Why Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Infections

Pj¹,

Amend²,

Wp³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Some studies have found a low risk of nephrolithiasis with chronic treatment but, owing to the short cycle of 15–30 days, this is likely be negligible after thyroidectomy. There are case reports of hypercalcaemia related to high doses of calcium or vitamin D3 supplementation, but this is uncommon and can be controlled easily by decreasing the calcium dose. Cost‐effectiveness is not a problem, as this approach has been shown to be efficient in different healthcare systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of routine calcium/vitamin D3 supplementationversusserum calcium level-based strategy to prevent postoperative hypocalcaemia after thyroidectomy

Sanábria

Rojas

Arevalo

2019

British Journal of Surgery

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Background The aim was to assess the effectiveness of routine administration of calcium +/– vitamin D3 compared with a serum calcium level‐based strategy to prevent symptomatic hypocalcaemia after thyroidectomy. Methods RCTs comparing routine supplementation of calcium +/– vitamin D3 with treatment based on serum calcium levels measured after total thyroidectomy, published between 1980 and 2017, were identified in MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Risk differences were calculated by random‐effects meta‐analysis. Meta‐regression and cumulative meta‐analysis were used to explore the best therapeutic approach. Results Fifteen studies with 3037 patients were included, and seven treatment comparisons were made. Routine supplementation with calcium + vitamin D3 offered a lower risk of symptomatic (risk difference (RD) –0·25, 95 per cent c.i. –0·32 to –0·18) and biochemical (RD –0·24, –0·31 to –0·17) hypocalcaemia than treatment based on measurement of calcium levels. The number needed to treat was 4 (95 per cent c.i. 3 to 6) for symptomatic hypocalcaemia. No publication bias was found; although heterogeneity was high for some comparisons, sensitivity analysis did not change the main results. Conclusion Routine postoperative administration of calcium + vitamin D3 is effective in decreasing the rate of symptomatic and biochemical hypocalcaemia.

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“…The nongenomic pathway includes rapid reactions at the cell membranes and has been reported for thyroid hormone, estrogen, and corticosteroids [5,9,10,11]. Probably via a membrane-bound receptor protein (1α,25(OH) 2 D membrane-associated rapid response steroid-binding protein, also known as endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 57), vitamin D regulates rapid cellular calcium efflux and calcium-activated chloride channel activity [11].…”

Section: The Metabolism Action and Guidance Serum Concentration mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of 1α,25(OH) 2 D to define vitamin D level in the organism is not recommended, as its serum half-life is only a few hours (ca. 7 h) [9,12]. Guidance serum concentration of 25(OH)D, which indicates an efficient level of vitamin D in the organism, is 30–80 ng/mL (ca.…”

Section: The Metabolism Action and Guidance Serum Concentration mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Influenza—Prevention or Therapy?

Gruber-Bzura

2018

IJMS

185

168

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Vitamin D generates many extraskeletal effects due to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is present in most tissues throughout the body. The possible role of vitamin D in infections is implied from its impact on the innate and adaptive immune responses. A significant effect is also the suppression of inflammatory processes. Because vitamin D could be acknowledged as a “seasonal stimulus”, as defined by R. Edgar Hope-Simpson, it would be crucial to prove it from a potential easy and cheap prophylaxis or therapy support perspective as far as influenza infections are concerned. The survey of the literature data generates some controversies and doubts about the possible role of vitamin D in the prevention of influenza virus. The most important point is to realise that the broad spectrum of this vitamin’s activity does not exclude such a possibility. According to most of the authors, more randomized controlled trials with effective, large populations are needed to explore the preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation on viral influenza infections.

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Results of daily oral dosing with up to 60,000 international units (iu) of vitamin D3 for 2 to 6 years in 3 adult males

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

The Essential Role of Vitamin D in the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides May Explain Why Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Infections

The Essential Role of Vitamin D in the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides May Explain Why Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Infections

Meta-analysis of routine calcium/vitamin D3 supplementationversusserum calcium level-based strategy to prevent postoperative hypocalcaemia after thyroidectomy

Vitamin D and Influenza—Prevention or Therapy?

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