Results of Evaluation of Collection Samples of Winter Soft Wheat for Breeding in the Middle Volga Region

Abstract

The main task of selection programs in modern conditions of constantly changing climate is to obtain varieties that are resistant to abiotic and biotic factors, combining high potential of productivity and grain quality in the genotype. At the initial stage of the selection process, the use of varietal samples of various ecological and geographical origin remains relevant in order to create the source material. The research aim is to identify genetic sources of economically valuable traits for winter wheat breeding in the Middle Volga region. From 2016 to 2019, samples of national and foreign selection were screened. During the study of the collection material, contrasting meteorological conditions were observed. The most positive conditions for the assessment of varieties for winter hardiness and productivity were formed in 2017, and less favorable – in 2019. For all the years of research on winter hardiness and productivity, local varieties were distinguished: Povolzhskaya 86, Povolzhskaya Niva, Erythrospermum 3627, Erythrospermum 3730 (Povolzhsky NIISS). In 2016, the varieties of Don breeding center – Marathon and Severo-Donskaya-were distinguished. In 2017 the varieties showed high results showed Krasnodar research Institute of agriculture (Doca, Dmitry Viza, Zimtra), Samara ARI (Svetoch), ARI of the South-East (Kalach 60), Ukraine (Tsusperich, Manzhetiya). In 2018, the best studied indicators were varieties Moskovskaya 39 (ARI CRNZ) and varieties Zimnitsa, Yunona, Kristall (Krasnodar ARI), as well as the variety Kalach 60 selection niish South-East. In unfavorable 2019, the studied varieties included Doka (Krasnodar research Institute), Pearl of the Volga region and Victoria 95 (research Institute of the South-East). These samples were included in the laboratory's cross-breeding scheme.