Results of field studies on nitrogen and phosphorus input from agricultural production to selected water bodies in Western Dvina

Abstract

Abstract. In 2017 a field study of water bodies in Nevel and Usvyatsky Districts of Pskov Region was aimed to give qualitative and quantity estimation of the impact of local large-scale pig enterprises on the status of water bodies in the Western Dvina river basin. Water samples were taken and the flow was measured on the vulnerable areas and outside the farm impact area in accordance with an elaborated programme and methods of field measurements. Soil samples were collected from the fields, where liquid pig manure was applied. The results showed that on the local level, in the vicinity of these fields, the water bodies featured high levels of main manure pollution indicators -ammonium nitrogen and phosphorous. The concentration of ammonium varied from 4.4 to 32.7 mg·l -1 at these points that was several hundred times higher than that in water bodies in natural areas; the concentration of dissolved phosphorus varied from 0.11 to 0.23 mg·l -1 that was several times higher than the background values. The concentration of these elements was dropping down to the background level with the distance from the fields as the result of self-purification and dilution processes owing to natural conditions, associated mainly with the presence of wetlands.

Modeling and Forecasting the Removal of Biogenic Elements from Agricultural Lands Depending on the Soil Agrophysical Properties

“…Выявлено, что в пунктах отбора проб воды складывается умеренно напряженная экологическая ситуация в связи с периодическим сверхнормативным поступлением биогенных загрязняющих веществ в исследуемые водные объекты. Разработана методика определения биогенной нагрузки сельскохозяйственного производства на водные объекты [9], которая призвана решить первостепенную задачу определения роли различных источников (таких как поверхностный сток, эрозия, грунтовые, почвенные, дренажные воды, осаждение из атмосферы) в процессе поступления биогенных веществ с российской части водосборного бассейна Балтийского моря. Дана оценка поступления азота и фосфора в водные объекты с сельскохозяйственных угодий [10] в пределах частного водосборного бассейна реки Нарвы в период с 2006 по 2018 г. Дан анализ причины загрязнения Нытвенского водохранилища биогенными веществами, приводящими в условиях замедленного водообмена к его эвтрофикации.…”

Rendzinas of the Russian Northwest: Diversity, Genesis, and Ecosystem Functions: A Review

“…This is expressed through an increase in the proportion of broadleaved trees and sub-boreal grass species. In the Izhorskaya Upland, there are widespread ecosystems of the alvares type [46,47], which are dry semi-xerophytic herbaceous communities with sparse juniper (Juniperus communis) forests. Thus, the presence of carbonates leads to changes in biodiversity, in particular to the appearance of calciphilous species such as Cyprepedium calceoulus and Eqiusetum variegatum.…”

“…Some authors [48] compared alvares vegetation cover with steppe flora. Stable communities of ash (Fráxinus excelsior) are located in proximal parts of the Izhorskya Upland; they are located in carbonate cambisols enriched by alkaline cations [46] transported from upland to accumulative landscapes where the geochemical discharge takes place. Thus, carbonate soils affect not only their location but also adjacent landscapes, via geochemical regulation of the soil cover and biodiversity.…”

“…Thus, soils with an increased carbonate content transform both the biotope and the entire ecosystem, as well as the specificity of the human relationship with the environment; this should be evaluated and monetized in the future. A large number of carbonate soils are included in the Red Book of Soils of the Leningrad region [46], which indicates their important role in the formation of biodiverse, natural frameworks in the territories.…”