Results of hair analyses for drugs of abuse and comparison with self-reports and urine tests

Mußhoff, Frank; Driever, F.; Lachenmeier, Katrin; Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Banger, Markus; Madea, Burkhard

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.07.024

Cited by 94 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The results indicated no linear correlation (r 2 = 0.01), consistent with findings previously reported [23,24]. Explanations include differences in individual metabolism, differences in hair melanin content, variations in the incorporation of the drug into hair, hair hygiene, and perhaps most importantly, the reliability of self-reported drug use [23,25]. In animal studies, in which the delivered drug dose is controlled, a correlation between dosages and drug concentrations in hair has been demonstrated [26].…”

Section: Analysis Of Hair Samples For Masupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The correlation between self-reported use intensity and the MA level detected in hair was also examined statistically. The results indicated no linear correlation (r 2 = 0.01), consistent with findings previously reported [23,24]. Explanations include differences in individual metabolism, differences in hair melanin content, variations in the incorporation of the drug into hair, hair hygiene, and perhaps most importantly, the reliability of self-reported drug use [23,25].…”

Section: Analysis Of Hair Samples For Masupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Similarly, we found no linear correlation between self-reported use intensity and the MA level detected in hair. Confronted with similarly incongruent test findings, previous researchers have suggested that "self-reported dose patterns are poor approximations of the real amount of drug used" [23].…”

Section: Participants and Dosagementioning

confidence: 98%

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Validation and application of hair analysis for the detection of methamphetamine in young Thai adults

et al. 2014

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Background:To date, blood and urine analyses have been the major methods of detecting methamphetamine (MA) use in Thailand. Recently, hair analysis has been introduced as an alternative and complementary procedure. Objectives: To validate a simple, rapid, and economical method of analyzing hair for MA and its metabolite, amphetamine (AM). Methods: The analysis employed solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Simplicity, rapidity, and economy were achieved, in part, by optimizing SPME conditions and by eliminating deuterated reagents and the derivatization step in GC-MS. The validated method was employed to detect and quantify MA in 1,111 hair samples of young Thai research volunteers who reported using MA in the form of so-called "yaba" tablets at least 3 times during the previous 3 months. Results: Validated data from the study indicated that the method's linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) met international standards for hair analysis of MA. Expressed as ng of MA per mg of hair (ng/mg), the LOQ was 0.5 ng/mg (102.39% accuracy, 5.46% precision). The method was less sensitive for quantification of AM in hair, with a LOQ of 2.5 ng/mg (103.41% accuracy, 6.95% precision). Using 0.5 ng/mg as a cutoff in the analysis of samples provided by admitted MA users, the study yielded an overall detection rate for MA of 35.5%, with a range of 0.51-54.61 ng/mg; the mean MA level was 4.90 ± 6.78 (±SD) ng/mg. Thirty-one percent of the participants reported they had consumed fewer than 10 yaba tablets during the previous 3 months. Of this group, 29% had hair samples that tested positive for MA. Detection rates trended upwards with increased yaba use. No relationship was found between the number of yaba tablets reportedly consumed and the concentration of MA detected in hair. Conclusions: This study validated a rapid, simple, and economical SPME/GC-MS technique for quantification of MA in hair. The method was less sensitive for quantification of AM.

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Section: Analysis Of Hair Samples For Masupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Analysis Of Hair Samples For Masupporting

confidence: 83%

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Validation and application of hair analysis for the detection of methamphetamine in young Thai adults

et al. 2014

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“…The reduced sensitivity may in part be due to differences in drug distribution to sweat, which seems to be good for some opioids such as heroin and codeine but poorer for morphine [92,95]. Hair analysis has the potential advantage of permitting detection of drug use over much longer periods that are on the order of weeks to months translating into greater detection of aberrant drug use compared with urine testing [96,97]. In order to test hair, extraction of drug from the matrix is required prior to analysis.…”

Section: Sample Adulteration and Alternative Matrix Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Testing for Prescription Opioids

Milone

2012

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Opioid analgesic misuse has risen significantly over the past two decades, and these drugs now represent the most commonly abused class of prescription medications. They are a major cause of poisoning deaths in the USA exceeding heroin and cocaine. Laboratory testing plays a role in the detection of opioid misuse and the evaluation of patients with opioid intoxication. Laboratories use both immunoassay and chromatographic methods (e.g., liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection), often in combination, to yield high detection sensitivity and drug specificity. Testing methods for opioids originated in the workplace-testing arena and focused on detection of illicit heroin use. Analysis for a wide range of opioids is now required in the context of the prescription opioid epidemic. Testing methods have also been primarily based upon urine screening; however, methods for analyzing alternative samples such as saliva, sweat, and hair are available. Application of testing to monitor prescription opioid drug therapy is an increasingly important use of drug testing, and this area of testing introduces new interpretative challenges. In particular, drug metabolism may transform one clinically available opioid into another. The sensitivity of testing methods also varies considerably across the spectrum of opioid drugs. An understanding of opioid metabolism and method sensitivity towards different opioid drugs is therefore essential to effective use of these tests. Improved testing algorithms and more research into the effective use of drug testing in the clinical setting, particularly in pain medicine and substance abuse, are needed.

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“…The most commonly used screening methods use immunology-based assays. Confirmation by chromatographic analysis is randomly required for clinical purposes and obligatory applied for medico-legal situations [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of Substances of Abuse Detection in Hair by Biochips Array Technology

Ragab¹,

Al-Mazroua²,

El-Harouny³

et al. 2018

J Alcohol Drug Depend

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Using hair as a biological specimen to analyze drug abuse has been receiving elevated attention during last years because of flexibility of collection procedure and because hair does not autolysis like other body fluids or tissues. Hair testing provides a broad-spectrum detection window after drug exposure than urine testing. Hair analysis has specific criteria that it provides a way of obtaining information that cannot be acquired by other commonly used forensic toxicology analytical procedures, such as blood or urine analysis. In the hair matrix, many xenobiotics are trapped permanently, in disparity to the situation with blood or urine where they are only identifiable for a few hours or days. Subsequently substance of abuse detection by hair analysis should be the target procedure in the clinical and forensic toxicology aspect when the evaluation of repeated or chronic exposure to a drug is indicated, e.g. in the case of pre-employment/workplace testing, criminal affairs or a driving license restoration. In the current study, seventy cases of the application of hair analyses using this technique for the determination of substances of abuse (opiates, cannabis, amphetamine, barbiturate, benzodiazepines, and cocaine) are investigated. Analytical toxicology procedure for detection of substance of abuse is critical important: Biochips array technology that confirmed with GC/MS has proved to be a highly sensitive and specific technique for the detection of substances of abuse at very low concentrations in hair except for cannabis.

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Results of hair analyses for drugs of abuse and comparison with self-reports and urine tests

Cited by 94 publications

References 31 publications

Validation and application of hair analysis for the detection of methamphetamine in young Thai adults

Validation and application of hair analysis for the detection of methamphetamine in young Thai adults

Laboratory Testing for Prescription Opioids

Validity of Substances of Abuse Detection in Hair by Biochips Array Technology

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