Results of Myelography in Seven Dogs With Myelomalacia

Lu, Di; Lamb, Chris; Targett, M. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01012.x

Cited by 43 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Progressive myelomalacia is thought to result in ischemic and hemorrhagic necrosis of the spinal cord, which can occur following acute spinal cord injury, and represents extensive damage of the intramedullary spinal vasculature [5,8,14]. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism of myelomalacia is poorly understood, it seems to be the result of the concussive effects of trauma followed by ischemia, which results in release of vasoactive substances, oxygenfree radicals and cellular enzymes [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Dogs with Progressive Myelomalacia

Sato

Shimamura

Mashita

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In humans, increased levels of GFAP in the CSF and blood have been reported with various neural diseases. However, there has been no study describing the usefulness of GFAP in the blood for disease of the spinal cord in dogs. The aim of this study was to describe the utility of GFAP in serum for a diagnosis of progressive myelomalacia. Fifty-six dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDD diagnosed by computed tomography with myelography or MRI were included. Serum specimens were collected at initial presentation from all cases and at follow-up examinations from some cases. Serum samples were assayed for GFAP concentrations using a commercially available GFAP ELISA Kit. Progressive myelomalacia was the final diagnosis in 8/51 cases (15.6%). Eight dogs had clinical signs suggestive of progressive myelomalacia, of which 6 were positive and 2 were negative by GFAP. Seven dogs had a detectable level of serum GFAP, of which 6 had the onset of progressive myelomalacia. The sensitivity and specificity of the GFAP to progressive myelomalacia were 75% and 97.7%, respectively. The results suggest the utility of GFAP in serum in the diagnosis of progressive myelomalacia.

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confidence: 99%

Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Dogs with Progressive Myelomalacia

Sato

Shimamura

Mashita

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Myelomalacia is widely reported in dogs (LU et al, 2002;PLATT et al, 2006;GIANOTTI et al, 2008;MACEDO et al, 2013;ZILIO;BAHR ARIAS, 2013) with few cases described in cats (NORTHINGTON;JULIANA, 1978;GÓMEZ et al, 2011;DE LA FUENTE et al, 2013). This paper reports the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a case of haemorrhagic myelomalacia associated with extradural T-cell lymphoma in a domestic cat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the lesion is diffuse, it is called progressive haemorrhagic myelomalacia (TAYLOR, 2014). The main causes of myelomalacia are exogenous traumatic injuries of the spinal cord and intervertebral disc extrusion (LU et al, 2002;GIANOTTI et al, 2008;MACEDO et al, 2013;ZILIO;BAHR ARIAS, 2013;DE LA FUENTE et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Affected animals frequently die because of breathing problems due to intercostal muscles and diaphragm paralysis (LU et al, 2002;ZILIO;BAHR ARIAS, 2013). A diagnosis of myelomalacia is based on the clinical history; presentation of progressive neurological spinal symptoms; findings from complementary exams, such as myelography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computer tomography; post-mortem findings; and the histopathological examination (LU et al, 2002;NEGRIN et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haemorrhagic myelomalacia in a cat with extradural T-cell lymphoma

Laisse

Oliveira

Rolim

et al. 2017

SCA

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Myelomalacia is a term used to indicate the softening of the spinal cord, which results from ischaemic or haemorrhagic necrosis that can occur as a sequel to acute spinal cord injury. A 10-month-old, female, mixed breed domestic cat exhibiting neurological symptoms was referred for evaluation. Neurological examination revealed symptoms consistent with thoracolumbar syndrome. Initial radiographic examination detected no changes of the thoracolumbar spine. The cat received a palliative treatment with tramadol hydrochloride and prednisolone. The patient did not respond to the treatment and one month later presented with worsening of symptoms that progressed to non-ambulatory paraplegia. Radiographic examination was performed a second time and revealed a mass inside the spinal canal at the L1 and L3 vertebral levels. The animal died and was sent for post-mortem examination. The necropsy revealed a greyish-white epidural mass inside the spinal canal that was compressing the spinal cord at the L1 and L3 vertebral levels. The spinal cord between T2 and L3 was reddish and friable. The pancreaticoduodenal lymph node was enlarged. Histologically, the spinal cord mass and pancreaticoduodenal lymph node presented neoplastic lymphocyte proliferation, and haemorrhagic myelomalacia was observed in the spinal cord from T2 to L3. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD3 antibody (T-cell lymphoma), and the lymphoid organs showed immunostaining for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). Haemorrhagic myelomalacia due to extradural lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with spinal neurological signs. Key words: Cat. Spinal cord. T lymphocytes. FeLV. Immunohistochemistry. ResumoMielomalácia é um termo utilizado para indicar amolecimento da medula espinhal, decorrente de necrose isquêmica ou hemorrágica que pode ocorrer como sequela de lesão medular aguda. Um felino doméstico, sem raça definida, fêmea, 10 meses de idade, com sintomas neurológicos foi avaliado. O exame neurológico constatou sinais clínicos compatíveis com síndrome toracolombar. Na primeira avaliação, no exame radiográfico não foram observadas alterações na coluna vertebral toracolombar. respondeu ao tratamento e um mês após a primeira avaliação clínica, apresentou piora do quadro clínico apresentando então paraplegia não ambulatória. No segundo exame radiográfico foi observada uma massa radiopaca no interior do canal vertebral, comprimindo a medula espinhal entre L1 e L3. O felino veio a óbito e encaminhado para exame post-mortem. Na necropsia, foi observada no canal medular a presença de uma massa branco-acinzentada, extradural, comprimindo à medula espinhal no segmento entre as vértebras lombares L1 e L3. A medula espinhal entre T2 até L3 estava hemorrágica e friável. O linfonodo pancreaticoduodenal estava aumentado. Na avaliação histológica, a massa observada no canal medular e linfonodo pancreaticoduodenal apresentaram proliferação de linfócitos neoplásicos e a medula espinhal entre T2 e L3 apre...

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“…In Japan, iohexol and iotrolan are approved by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare as contrast media for myelography. Contrast media preparations with high iodine concentrations are often also used for myelography in small animal practice [2,3,6,9,10], however, high-iodineconcentration contrast media preparations often give insufficient contrast effects because of their limited diffusion. The concentration of iodine and the viscosity of contrast media preparations vary, and therefore, the contrast effects can differ [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Difference of Contrast Effects of Myelography in Normal Dogs: Comparison of Iohexol (180mgI/ml), Iohexol (240mgI/ml) and Iotrolan (240mgI/ml)

Shimizu

Yamada

Kishimoto

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The contrast effects of three different contrast media preparations (iohexol 180 mgI/ml, iohexol 240 mgI/ml and iotrolan 240 mgI/ml) in conventional and CT myelography were compared. Three beagle dogs were used and the study employed a cross-over method (total of 9) for each contrast media. The result of CT myelography showed that the contrast effect of iohexol (180 mgI/ml), which had low viscosity, was highest in cranial sites, and the contrast effect of high-viscosity iotrolan (240 mgI/ml) was highest in caudal sites 5 min after injection of the contrast media preparations. This shows that the diffusion of contrast media preparations in the subarachnoid space is influenced by viscosity. The results of conventional myelography also showed that the diffusion of contrast media preparations is influenced by viscosity. Therefore, it is important to identify the location of spinal lesions in veterinary practice, and low viscosity contrast medium preparation with wide spread contrast effects is considered suitable for myelography. KEY WORDS: CT, iohexol, iotrolan, myelography, viscosity.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70 (7): [659][660][661][662][663] 2008 Myelography is the radiographic examination of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space. Not only the existence but also the location of spinal lesions can be diagnosed by myelography. [5,12] In veterinary science, it is very important to identify the location of a spinal lesion because determination of the clinical lesion is difficult by neurological examination alone. Myelograms used to be taken after the injection of contrast medium but recently the use of computed tomography (CT) has become widespread when diagnosing spinal diseases. In Japan, iohexol and iotrolan are approved by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare as contrast media for myelography. Contrast media preparations with high iodine concentrations are often also used for myelography in small animal practice [2,3,6,9,10], however, high-iodineconcentration contrast media preparations often give insufficient contrast effects because of their limited diffusion. The concentration of iodine and the viscosity of contrast media preparations vary, and therefore, the contrast effects can differ [10]. The contrast resolution of CT is different from that of conventional radiography [4], so selection of contrast media preparations for myelography should be considered carefully. In this study, the contrast effects of three different contrast media preparations were examined by conventional and CT myelography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Contrast media preparations:Iohexol 180 mgI/ml (Omnipaque ® 180, Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan), iohexol 240 mgI/ml (Omnipaque ® 240) and iotrolan 240 mgI/ml (Isovist ® Inj. 240, Bayer Yakuhin, Limited, Osaka, Japan) were used in this study. The molecular weight of iohexol is 821.4 (monomeric), and iotrolan is 1626.24 (dimeric). Viscosity (at 37°C) of iohexol 180 mgI/ ml is 2.0 mPa⋅s, iohexol 240 mgI/ml is 3.3 mPa⋅s, and iotr...

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Results of Myelography in Seven Dogs With Myelomalacia

Cited by 43 publications

References 15 publications

Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Dogs with Progressive Myelomalacia

Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Dogs with Progressive Myelomalacia

Haemorrhagic myelomalacia in a cat with extradural T-cell lymphoma

The Difference of Contrast Effects of Myelography in Normal Dogs: Comparison of Iohexol (180mgI/ml), Iohexol (240mgI/ml) and Iotrolan (240mgI/ml)

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