A basic immunophenotyping panel that employed dual-color combinations of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE) conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb; FITC-CD45/PE-CD14, FITC-IgGI/PE-IgGz, FITC-CD3/PE-CDS, FITC-CD3/PE-CD4, FITC-CD3/ PE-CD16 + PE-CD56, and PE-CD19) was utilized in a quality assurance program to determine whether the 4 laboratories participating in a multicenter AIDS study obtained similar lymphocyte subset percentage values for T cells, B cells, NK cells, and CD4+ and CDS+ T cells. Over a 11/2 year period, 78 shared peripheral blood specimens were prepared and analyzed in each laboratory. The C D~E I~' '~~~C D~~-percentage for each specimen was used to correct that individual's lymphocyte subset values. Interlaboratory coefficients of variation (CV) for the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV) seronegative (n = 38) and HIV-seropositive (n = 40) specimens using this panel were <3% for total T cells; 4% for CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells; 517% for B and NK cells; and 4%for CD4T/CDST ratios. The 6-tube basic immunophenotyping panel has several notable features: a) for clinical studies, it permits comprehensive evaluation of an individual's major lymphocyte subsets, i.e., T, B, NK, and CD4+ and CDS+ T cells; b) for interlaboratory proficiency testing programs, it allows the detection of differences among laboratories in measurements of several functionally distinct cell populations; and c) for within-sample quality assurance, it provides several quality control checks, including the lymphosum, i.e., the sum of an individual's corrected T + B + NK values, a sum that was generally 100 2 5% on the HIV-seronegative specimens analyzed in this study. o 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.