Results of the pilot assistance system “Assisted Low-Level Flight and Landing on Unprepared Landing Sites” obtained with the ACT/FHS research rotorcraft

Greiser, Steffen; Lantzsch, Robin; Wolfram, Jens; Wartmann, Johannes; Müllhäuser, Mario; Lüken, Thomas; Döhler, Hans-Ullrich; Peinecke, Niklas

doi:10.1016/j.ast.2015.05.017

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The ight mechanics were simulated by DLR's custommade EC135 ight model. It includes an automatic ight control system (AFCS) o ering several upper modes [28]. For these trials, the cyclic axes were in "attitude command, attitude hold", which enables direct control of pitch and roll attitude via the center stick.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Cockpit Instruments—How Head-Worn Displays Can Enhance the Obstacle Awareness of Helicopter Pilots

Ernst

Ebrecht

Korn

2021

IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.

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The rise of augmented reality glasses and related technologies o ers new possibilities for the human-machine interface design of future aircraft. Today, head-worn displays (HWDs) are mainly used by military pilots, for instance by helicopter crews for low-visibility operations close to ground and obstacles. Nevertheless, recent technological advances in this area allow the prediction that these systems could become available for more pilots in the future. This work presents a concept how state-of-the-art HWD symbology can be expanded to get even more out of the advantages of this technology. With so-called "virtual cockpit instruments" (VCIs), an HWD can show information which is conventionally rendered on panel-mounted displays. These VCIs can be imagined as virtual display screens which can be positioned freely around the pilot. Their major bene t is that they create many new options for the design of a exible, situation-adaptive cockpit environment. This paper introduces the general concept and presents several options how such an approach can be put into practice. Here, the concept is applied to helicopter operations in o shore windparks. We implemented a VCI-adapted obstacle awareness display and assessed a set of positioning variants for the new VCI. Two simulator studies -with 11 and 7 participants -provide interesting insights on the realization of this concept. In addition to high subjective ratings, the VCI signi cantly increased the pilot's head-up, eyes-out time -an important measure for challenging maneuvers close to obstacles. Overall, this work illustrates a promising concept for the human-machine interface design of future cockpits and discusses its potentials and limitations.

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Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Cockpit Instruments—How Head-Worn Displays Can Enhance the Obstacle Awareness of Helicopter Pilots

Ernst

Ebrecht

Korn

2021

IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.

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“…Hence, a high-fidelity in-flight simulation benefits from high rates and large control deflections. This control system was developed in several DLR projects such as PAVE [8], ALLFlight [9], and ALL-in-Flight [10]. In each of these projects, the ACT/FHS was a vital component for development and flight tests.…”

Section: A Active Controller Simulator/ Flying Helicopter Simulator mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Results Towards Fidelity Evaluation of an In-flight Simulator

Fragniere

Wartmann

Greiser

2019

AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum

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This paper presents the analysis of the fidelity obtained when performing in-flight simulations of the Bo-105 helicopter in forward flight with the Active Control Technology/ Flying Helicopter Simulator (ACT/FHS). The results are preliminary in the sense that they are based on the real-time and fully non-linear simulation model of the ACT/FHS in DLR's helicopter simulator and not in the ACT/FHS itself. Yet, a flight test proven controller setting is used in the simulations. The ACT/FHS, the model-based controller, and the command model are briefly presented. The precision of the MBC for each control/response axis is evaluated quantitatively through frequency-domain methods, time-domain methods and handling quality analysis. A perceived fidelity evaluation process based on piloted simulations and comparative flight tests with the Bo-105 is presented. This process is first applied to evaluate the model-following precision and second to evaluate the fidelity of the in-flight simulation. The results of the evaluations are used to identify strengths and weaknesses of the in-flight simulation for each response axis, including cross-couplings.

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“…With DLRs in-house development, the so-called command model, various command types and hold modes can be applied to all four control axes. 11 In this study we chose the following combination of modes: For the collective, height hold and vertical velocity command was active. This means that the pilot can directly command a vertical speed via the collective.…”

Section: Apparatus / Simulation Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic vision on a head-worn display supporting helicopter offshore operations

Ernst

Ebrecht

Erdmann

2018

Degraded Environments: Sensing, Processing, and Display 2018

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Helicopters play an important role during construction and operation of offshore wind farms. Most of the time helicopter offshore operations are conducted over open water and often in degraded visual environment. Such scenarios provide very few usable visual cues for the crew to safely pilot the aircraft. For instance, no landmarks exist for navigation and orientation is hindered by weather phenomena that reduce visibility and obscure the horizon. To overcome this problem, we are developing an external vision system which uses a non-see-through, head-worn display (HWD) to show fused sensor and database information about the surroundings. This paper focuses on one aspect of our system: the computer-generated representation of relevant visual cues of the water surface. Our motivation is to develop a synthetic view of the surroundings that is superior to the real out-the-window view. The moving water surface does not provide fixed references for orientation and sometimes even produces wrong motion cues. Thus, we replace it by a more valuable, computer-generated clear view. Since pilots estimate wind direction and speed by checking the movement characteristics of the water surface, our synthetic display also integrates this information. This paper presents several options for a synthetic vision display supporting offshore operations. Further, it comprises results from simulator trials, where helicopter pilots performed final approaches and landings on an offshore platform supported by our display. The results will contribute to the advancement of our HWD-based virtual cockpit concept. Additionally, our findings may be relevant to conventional, head-down synthetic vision displays visualizing offshore environments.

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Results of the pilot assistance system “Assisted Low-Level Flight and Landing on Unprepared Landing Sites” obtained with the ACT/FHS research rotorcraft

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Virtual Cockpit Instruments—How Head-Worn Displays Can Enhance the Obstacle Awareness of Helicopter Pilots

Virtual Cockpit Instruments—How Head-Worn Displays Can Enhance the Obstacle Awareness of Helicopter Pilots

Preliminary Results Towards Fidelity Evaluation of an In-flight Simulator

Synthetic vision on a head-worn display supporting helicopter offshore operations

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