Results of the third joint pesticide testing programme by the IOBC/WPRS‐Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms”¹

Abstract

Results are presented of laboratory, semi‐field and field tests to assess the side effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms obtained during the third testing programme of the Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms” of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), West Palaearctic Regional Section (WPRS). The programme included 22 pesticides, 19 beneficial organisms, and was carried out by 19 group members in 9 European countries. Beside the results of the third testing programme, data on the side effects of 62 pesticides tested in all three joint programmes carried out between 1977 and 1985 are summarized in 7 different croporientated tables. These tables include beneficial organisms that are relevant to, and pesticides that are used on (a) vegetable crops (especially Brassica spp.), (b) glasshouse crops, (c) top fruit, (d) cereals, (e) root and forage crops (sugar‐beet, potato, rape, corn), (f) vine and (g) forestry. Among the 62 pesticides tested, the following 25 compounds were of limited persistence and/or were relatively less toxic to the natural enemies tested: Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis), Torque (fenbutatin oxide, AAzomate (benzoximate), Dimilin (diflubenzuron), Tedion V 18 (tetradifon), Kelthane (dicofol), Spruzit‐Nova‐flüssig (pyrethrum + piperonylbutoxide), Pirimor‐Granulat (pirimicarb), Nimrod (bupirimate), Bayleton (triadimefon), Ronilan (vinclozolin), Orthocid 83 (captan), Cercobin‐M (thiophanat‐methyl), Ortho Difolatan (captafol), Derosal (carbendazim), Daconil 500 (chlorothalonil), Plondrel (ditalimfos), Pomarsol forte (thiram), Dithane Ultra (mancozeb), Illoxan (diclofop‐methyl), Semeron (desmetryn), Betanal (phenmedipham), Kerb 50 W (propyzamid), Cycocel Extra (chlormequat), Rhodofix (naphthyl acetic acid). Zusammenfassung Ergebnisse des dritten gemeinsamen Prüfungsprogrammes für Pflanzenschutzmittel der IOBC/WRPS‐Arbeitsgruppe “Pflanzenschutzmittel und Nutzorganismen” Im Rahmen eines dritten gemeinsamen Prüfprogrammes der Arbeitsgruppe “Pflanzenschutzmittel und Nutzorganismen” der Internationalen Organisation für Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung wurden Pflanzenschutzmittel in Labor‐, Halbfreiland‐ und Freilandprüfverfahren auf Nebenwirkungen gegenüber Nutzorganismen getestet. Die Ergebnisse der Prüfungen von 22 Präparaten an 19 verschiedenen Nutzorganismen, die von 19 Gruppenmitgliedern in 9 europäischen Ländern erarbeitet wurden, werden dargestellt. In dieser Arbeit sind außerdem die bisher in drei gemeinsamen Prüfprogrammen erzielten Ergebnisse von insgesamt 62 Präparaten in 7 verschiedenen, auf Kulturen bezogenen, Tabellen zusammengefaßt. In diesen Tabellen sind nur solche Präparate bzw. Nutzorganismen angegeben, die in den entsprechenden Kulturen bzw. Kulturgruppen angewandt werden bzw. dort von Bedeutung sind. Es wurden Tabellen erstellt für Gemüse im Freiland, Gemüse unter Glas, Obst, Getreide, Hackfrüchte + Futterpflanzen, Weinbau und Forst.

Residual action of insecticides to larvae of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) under greenhouse conditions

“…That difference may be as related to physiological responses specific to the insects tested, inasmuch as it was not mentioned the species concerned. Lingren & Ridgway (1967), Hassan et al (1987) and Toda & Kashio (1997) also found that larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) were not affected negatively by the trichlorfon. The insecticides fenpropathrin and chlorpirifos caused less than 30% of mortality of the larvae only at 25 days after its application, being regarded as moderately persistent (Table 3).…”

Seletividade de herbicidas registrados para a cultura do milho a adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

“…Resultados similares foram encontrados por Hassan et al (1987) quando classificaram Gesatop 50 (i.a. simazine), na concentração de 0,375% do produto comercial, como inócuo aos adultos de T. cacoeciae.…”

Toxicidade de agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do pessegueiro sobre o parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

“…Para o fungicida Cobre Sandoz BR, não foram encontrados na literatura resultados de testes de seletividade em nenhum inimigo natural. Resultados similares, porém com T. cacoeciae e em diferentes concentrações, foram obtidos por GRÜTZMACHER et al (2004) com o fungicida Venturol (dodina), por HASSAN et al (1991) para o fungicida Rovral SC, por HASSAN et al (1983) para Orthocide 83 (captana) e por HASSAN (1998b) para o fungicida Delan Flüssing (ditianona). Por outro lado, o fungicida Manzate 800 (mancozebe) reduziu em 70,90% o parasitismo de T. atopovirilia, sendo classificado como levemente nocivo (classe 2).…”