Results of the use of antioxidant and angioprotective agents in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration

Lk, Moshetova; Воробьева, И. В.; Алексеев, И. Б.; Mikhaleva, L. G.

doi:10.17116/oftalma2015131334-44

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Despite a good body of positive experimental data, clinical trials using antioxidants, in contrast, have not been conclusive. Analysis of clinical, functional and morphological changes in the retina in type 2 diabetic patients with early retinopathy has demonstrated beneficial effects of treatment with antioxidant and angioprotective agents [98]. A double masked, placebo controlled clinical trial on limited number of diabetic patients (<70 patients) has shown some meaningful improvements in the visual function using a multi-component nutritional formula consisting of vitamins C, D3, and E, zinc oxide, eicosapentoenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, zeaxanthin, lutein, benfotiamine, N-acetyl cysteine, resveratrol, turmeric root extract, green tea leaf [99].…”

Section: Therapeutic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic targets for altering mitochondrial dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy

Kowluru

Mishra

2018

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

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Retinopathy remains as one of the most feared blinding complications of diabetes, and with the prevalence of this life-long disease escalating at an alarming rate, the incidence of retinopathy is also climbing. Although the cutting edge research has identified many molecular mechanisms associated with its development, the exact mechanism how diabetes damages the retina remains obscure, limiting therapeutic options for this devastating disease. Areas covered: This review focuses on the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction/damage in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and how damaged mitochondria initiates a self-perpetuating vicious cycles of free radicals. We have also reviewed how mitochondria could serve as a therapeutic target, and the challenges associated with the complex double mitochondrial membranes and a well-defined blood-retinal barrier for optimal pharmacologic/molecular approach to improve mitochondrial function. Expert opinion: Mitochondrial dysfunction provides many therapeutic targets for ameliorating the development of diabetic retinopathy including their biogenesis, DNA damage and epigenetic modifications. New technology to enhance pharmaceuticals uptake inside the mitochondria, nanotechnology to deliver drugs to the retina, and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis via lifestyle changes and novel therapeutics to prevent epigenetic modifications, could serve as some of the welcoming avenues for a diabetic patient to target this sight-threatening disease.

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Section: Therapeutic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic targets for altering mitochondrial dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy

Kowluru

Mishra

2018

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

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“…Nonetheless, a deep knowledge of AMD pathogenic mechanisms is still lacking so far, which complicates the establishment or approval of effective treatment strategies. While the overactive angiogenesis and visual deficits occurring in wet AMD can be mitigated by anti-VEGF drugs, this is not the case for dry AMD [ 45 ] Recent evidence-based studies show that dietary phytochemicals such as lutein/zeaxanthin, resveratrol, and Vaccinium myrtillus may be beneficial in retinal diseases including AMD [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. In general, these compounds have been claimed to interfere with the biology of disease by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, which play a critical role in the initiation and progression of AMD [ 47 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Re-Appraisal of Pathogenic Mechanisms Bridging Wet and Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Leads to Reconsider a Role for Phytochemicals

Pinelli

Biagioni

Limanaqi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Which pathogenic mechanisms underlie age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Are they different for dry and wet variants, or do they stem from common metabolic alterations? Where shall we look for altered metabolism? Is it the inner choroid, or is it rather the choroid–retinal border? Again, since cell-clearing pathways are crucial to degrade altered proteins, which metabolic system is likely to be the most implicated, and in which cell type? Here we describe the unique clearing activity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the relevant role of its autophagy machinery in removing altered debris, thus centering the RPE in the pathogenesis of AMD. The cell-clearing systems within the RPE may act as a kernel to regulate the redox homeostasis and the traffic of multiple proteins and organelles toward either the choroid border or the outer segments of photoreceptors. This is expected to cope with the polarity of various domains within RPE cells, with each one owning a specific metabolic activity. A defective clearance machinery may trigger unconventional solutions to avoid intracellular substrates’ accumulation through unconventional secretions. These components may be deposited between the RPE and Bruch’s membrane, thus generating the drusen, which remains the classic hallmark of AMD. These deposits may rather represent a witness of an abnormal RPE metabolism than a real pathogenic component. The empowerment of cell clearance, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activity of the RPE by specific phytochemicals is here discussed.

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“…Lutein and zeaxanthin, which are also called macular xanthophylls, show their effects by filtering high energy visible light, mostly with a peak of absorption at 446 nm and ultraviolet radiation lesser, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and reducing reactive species such as singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical [46][47][48]. These carotenoids have several benefits on human health, including neuroprotective effects [49][50][51], anti-carcinogenic effects [52][53][54][55], anti-diabetic effects [56][57][58], cardioprotective effects [59][60][61], protective effects on skin damages and ocular diseases [62][63][64][65]. Particularly, several studies showed the role of lutein and zeaxanthin in eye diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Role of Macular Xanthophylls in Ocular Diseases

Sarıaltın¹,

Çoban²

2018

Rec.Nat.Prod.

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Macula lutea, is the center of the retina of the eye, contains high concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin which can act as a filter against short-wavelength (blue) light. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids detected in human lens which exhibit highly strong free radical scavenging activity. Many epidemiological studies, clinical trials, animal experiments have suggested that lutein and zeaxanthin have antiinflammatory potential with their high antioxidant properties. Several eye diseases including, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis and retinitis pigmentosa are caused by ocular inflammation. Some studies have shown that lutein and zeaxanthin could be protective, curative and preventive against ocular inflammation induced diseases and other ocular disorders such as cataract, glaucoma and choroideremia. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are absorption of near-ultraviolet and blue light, reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis. Lutein and zeaxanthin can be taken from dietary supplements or a diet high in fruits, vegetables such as kale, spinach and turnip greens. The aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin and eye diseases.

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Results of the use of antioxidant and angioprotective agents in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Therapeutic targets for altering mitochondrial dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy

Therapeutic targets for altering mitochondrial dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy

A Re-Appraisal of Pathogenic Mechanisms Bridging Wet and Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Leads to Reconsider a Role for Phytochemicals

An Overview on the Role of Macular Xanthophylls in Ocular Diseases

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