Results of vaccination of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine

Abstract

Results confirmed the ability of Asian elephants to develop a humoral immune response after vaccination with a commercially available monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine and the feasibility of instituting a rabies virus vaccination program for elephants that are in frequent contact with humans. A 2-dose series of rabies virus vaccine should provide an adequate antibody response in elephants, and annual boosters should maintain the antibody response in this species.

Serum antibody titers following routine rabies vaccination in African elephants

“…12 For African elephants in the present study, GMT measured ≤ 12 months after vaccination (18 U/mL; 95% CI, 12.1 to 26.7 U/mL) was considerably higher than geometric mean RVNA titers reported at various intervals within the first year after vaccination in Asian elephants. However, it was not determined whether antibody titers were protective against challenge with rabies virus.…”

Zoo elephant research: contributions to conservation of captive and free‐ranging species

“…Isaza et al . () worked with 16 Asian elephants on a rabies‐vaccination protocol and recommended administering one 1 ml dose IM followed by a booster in 9 days and annual boosters thereafter.…”

“…Lindsay et al (2009) conducted a tetanus toxoid trial with 22 Asian elephants and recommended two 1 ml doses intramuscularly (IM) followed by boosters every 2 years. Isaza et al (2006) worked with 16 Asian elephants on a rabies-vaccination protocol and recommended administering one 1 ml dose IM followed by a booster in 9 days and annual boosters thereafter.…”

Proboscidea

“…Lameness, heart murmurs, heart arrhythmias, and sleepiness have also been reported. 34 Salmonella spp. Most elephants Affected elephants present with anorexia, vesicles on mucosal surfaces, trunk exudate, and swelling of the feet.…”

“…34,41 Tetanus toxoid, however, is recommended for all elephants worldwide, and additional vaccines may be warranted in particular areas of the world. 34,41 Tetanus toxoid, however, is recommended for all elephants worldwide, and additional vaccines may be warranted in particular areas of the world.…”