Resurgence in filarial transmission after withdrawal of mass drug administration and the relationship between antigenaemia and microfilaraemia – a longitudinal study

Sunish, I. P.; Rajendran, R.; Mani, T. R.; Munirathinam, A.; Tewari, S. C.; Hiriyan, J.; Gajanana, A.; Satyanarayana, K

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00828.x

Cited by 36 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…10 During the 1999 survey, the antigenaemia (filarial antigen) prevalence (AGP) was also estimated from 100 µl of blood placed on a immunochromatographic card test (ICT) kit, from the same individuals who were screened for microfilaraemia. 9 We observed the antigenaemia and …”

Section: Filarial Infection In the Communitymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…9,10 The nine villages were randomly allocated to three groups; one group of three villages received MDA (DEC + IVR) in 1995 and 1996; a second group of three villages received a combined approach of MDA (DEC + IVR) with vector control in 1995 and 1996; and a third group of three villages was the placebo group until 1999, for comparison. In 1999, as the placebo group also received antifilarial drugs, we confined our analyses to six villages -those receiving MDA only versus those receiving MDA with vector control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,24 Vector control was found to be important during any lapse in the MDA programme. 9,18 The importance of vector control methods has been emphasized, as they play a key role in the prevention of disease transmission. 25 In China, the campaign against lymphatic filariasis turned successful when vector control was integrated with other intervention measures, such as DEC administration (selective and mass treatment, and as fortified salt), resulting in the interruption of filarial transmission without any resurgence.…”

Section: Role Of Vector Control In Filariasis Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vector control complements mass drug administration against bancroftian filariasis in Tirukoilur, India

Sunish

Rajendran

Mani

et al. 2007

Bull World Health Organ

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Objective To determine the role of vector control in further decreasing the transmission of bancroftian filariasis achieved by mass drug administration and the long-term impact on filariometric indices. Methods Three rounds of annual mass drug administration, with diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin, were complemented by vector control (mainly using polystyrene beads) in villages of Tirukoilur, south India, during 1995-99. Subsequently, drug administration is being carried out with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole or diethylcarbamazine alone. We evaluated the impact of mass drug administration used alone or in conjunction with vector control (from 1995 to 2005) on vector transmission indices (such as transmission intensity index, monthly biting rate, monthly transmission potential and annual transmission potential). We analysed data on filarial infection in the community to estimate the prevalence of microfilaraemia and antigenaemia using c² analysis and Fisher's exact test. Findings Vector density greatly decreased in villages where vector control was used as an adjunct to mass drug administration and almost no infective mosquitoes were found in the small numbers still remaining. Filarial antigenaemia was low and continued to decrease significantly in the age group 15-25 years in villages receiving mass drug administration with vector control in contrast to villages receiving only mass drug administration. Conclusion The gains of mass drug administration were sustained only with the integration of vector control measures. We advocate the incorporation of vector control in the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis as it can potentially decrease the time required for eliminating lymphatic filariasis. Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español.

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Section: Filarial Infection In the Communitymentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Vector Control In Filariasis Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vector control complements mass drug administration against bancroftian filariasis in Tirukoilur, India

Sunish

Rajendran

Mani

et al. 2007

Bull World Health Organ

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“…Even in areas where LF prevalence has been reduced to less than 1% of the population, elimination remains elusive and in some situations the disease has resurged. 8,9 We argue that these "upstream" interventions could deliver more effectively "downstream" at community level if the programmes were more firmly grounded in sociocultural awareness during the planning stages. This paper explores the disparity between the way the disease is defined at the elimination programme planning stages and the way it is defined and perceived in the diverse communities where it is implemented.…”

Section: Public Health Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the community impact of lymphatic filariasis: a review of the sociocultural literature

Wynd¹,

Melrose

Dürrheim

et al. 2007

Bull World Health Organ

104

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Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in approximately 80 tropical and subtropical countries. About 120 million people are infected with the parasite and a billion are estimated to be at risk of infection. The main focus of the LF elimination programme to date has been to interrupt transmission by means of annual community-wide treatment campaigns with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole, or albendazole and ivermectin, for a period of four to six years. Although substantial progress has been recorded wherever the strategy has been successfully implemented, initial gains have been accompanied by a realization that this strategy alone will not ensure a permanent solution in all settings. The fairly extensive LF literature is dominated by laboratory research and quantitative field measurement of the impact of LF, particularly local prevalence studies of parasite-infected humans and vectors. As the global elimination programme expands, the absence of sociocultural understanding is being recognized as a critical flaw in ensuring that programmes are appropriate and responsive to local needs and understanding. This paper assesses the current state of sociocultural understanding pertaining to LF. It concludes that, at present, there is insufficient understanding of the sociocultural factors associated with the presence and treatment of the disease, and that appropriate social science methods should be used to address this deficiency and ensure community partnership in delivering and sustaining the success of LF elimination programmes.

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“…The main focus of intervention to interrupt transmission is to adopt administering a mass annual single dose (6 mg/kg of body weight) of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) with albendazole (400 mg). Although substantial progress has been made wherever the strategy has been successfully implemented to enhance compliance and to reduce infection levels in mosquitoes (Richards et al 2005), in certain areas where LF infection prevalence has been reduced to less than 1%, either the elimination remains mysterious or the disease has resurged (Esterre et al 2001;Sunish et al 2002). This may be due to the intervention failure at the bottom level because of neglect of socio-cultural factors during the planning stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible relationship among socio-economic determinants, knowledge and practices on lymphatic filariasis and implication for disease elimination in India

Vanamail

Gunasekaran

2010

Int J Public Health

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Resurgence in filarial transmission after withdrawal of mass drug administration and the relationship between antigenaemia and microfilaraemia – a longitudinal study

Abstract: SummarySeven village units endemic for ®lariasis were assigned randomly into three arms with different intervention strategies in the years 1995 and 1996. Villages in Group A received two annual mass drug administrations (MDAs) of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) plus ivermectin (IVR

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Vector control complements mass drug administration against bancroftian filariasis in Tirukoilur, India

Vector control complements mass drug administration against bancroftian filariasis in Tirukoilur, India

Understanding the community impact of lymphatic filariasis: a review of the sociocultural literature

Possible relationship among socio-economic determinants, knowledge and practices on lymphatic filariasis and implication for disease elimination in India

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