Resurgence of Human Monkey Pox: A Review

Abstract

After being prevailing in Central and West Africa throughout the 1970s, sporadic cases of monkeypox sickness have surfaced in recent years. On the other hand, the monkey pox outbreak in the United States made headlines and garnered international attention in 2003. In 2022, the virus has caused a catastrophic pandemic, with over 50 nations being affected. There were 183 new cases of monkeypox recorded to WHO in April 2023, representing a 0.2% rise in overall cases, and 14 new deaths from the disease. Monkey pox shares the poxviridae family with the smallpox virus. One explanation for the rise of monkeypox in people is the discontinuation of smallpox immunizations. The zoonotic infectious illness is distinguished by a pustular rash resembling smallpox and systemic infection with severity ranging from mild to severe. Though the condition is self-limiting, the consequences it causes can be deadly. The illness has no particular therapy, however, it can be treated using antivirals that are effective against smallpox. Vaccines for smallpox have also been shown to be effective. The current article addresses the signs and symptoms of monkeypox sickness and the transmission pathways and treatment choices.