Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era

Соминина, А. А.; Danilenko, Daria; Komissarov, Andrey; Карпова, Л. С.; Pisareva, Maria; Fadeev, Artem; Коновалова, Н. И.; Eropkin, M. Yu.; Stolyarov, Kirill; Штро, Анна А.; Burtseva, Elena; Lioznov, Dmitry

doi:10.3390/v14091909

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…17 The BA.1-and BA.5-induced interferon responses generated an antiviral state that protected infected cells from super-infection with influenza A viruses, showing that the Omicron-induced interferon response is of functional relevance. Our analysis of the spread of influenza-like illnesses during the Delta and BA.1 infection waves (Figure S6) and a number of additional studies [31][32][33][34][35] suggest that Omicron may interfere with influenza A virus transmission. However, these are correlations that need to be considered with care, and a causative relationship remains to be established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Similarly, three further studies reported a decrease of influenza A virus infections when the Delta variant was replaced by the Omicron variant. [31][32][33] Additional studies found that Omicron patients were less likely to be coinfected with influenza A viruses than Delta patients 34 and that an H3N2 outbreak in Brazil only occurred after a decline in Omicron cases. 35 Notably, such observations do not provide conclusive evidence on a potential impact of Omicron circulation on influenza A virus spread.…”

Section: The Ba1-induced Antiviral State Is Primarily Mediated Via Ty...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Omicron‐induced interferon signaling prevents influenza A H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection

Bojkova

Bechtel

Rothenburger

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Recent findings in permanent cell lines suggested that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 induces a stronger interferon response than Delta. Here, we show that BA.1 and BA.5 but not Delta induce an antiviral state in air-liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells and primary human monocytes. Both Omicron subvariants caused the production of biologically active types I (α/β) and III (λ) interferons and protected cells from super-infection with influenza A viruses.Notably, abortive Omicron infection of monocytes was sufficient to protect monocytes from influenza A virus infection. Interestingly, while influenza-like illnesses surged during the Delta wave in England, their spread rapidly declined upon the emergence of Omicron. Mechanistically, Omicron-induced interferon signaling was mediated via double-stranded RNA recognition by MDA5, as MDA5 knockout prevented it. The JAK/STAT inhibitor baricitinib inhibited the Omicron-mediated antiviral response, suggesting it is caused by MDA5-mediated interferon production, which activates interferon receptors that then trigger JAK/STAT signaling. In conclusion, our study (1) demonstrates that only Omicron but not Delta induces a substantial interferon response in physiologically relevant models, (2) shows that

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: The Ba1-induced Antiviral State Is Primarily Mediated Via Ty...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Omicron‐induced interferon signaling prevents influenza A H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection

Bojkova

Bechtel

Rothenburger

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Of the remaining 587 articles, 547 were discarded for not matching the inclusion criteria (of these, 62 were not further considered since no reported influenza cases were type B), 7 for being based on the WHO FluNet and/or GISAID database, 3 for being previous reports from the GIHSN, and 4 because of overlap with more recent and/or larger articles based on the same data sources. A total of 26 articles were included in the systematic review: their main characteristics are reported in Table 1 [ Soldevila 2022, Murillo-Zamora 2021, Korsun 2021, Panatto 2021, Pablo-Marcos 2020, Miron 2021, Hu 2021, Omer 2022, Olson 2022, Auvinen 2022, Kuzmanovska 2021, Wagatsuma 2022, Heinzinger 2021, Rios-Silva 2022, Suntronwong 2021, da Costa 2022, Melidou 2020, Huang 2022, O’Neill 2022, Kolosova 2022, Peck 2023, Chon 2023, Merced-Morales 2022, Melidou 2022, Sominina 2022, Song 2022 ]. Europe was the most represented area (12 articles, of which 2 reported findings from multiple countries in the WHO European Region), followed by Asia (n=6), North America (n=5), and Oceania and South America (n=1 each).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is influenza B/Yamagata extinct and what public health implications could this have? An updated literature review and comprehensive assessment of global surveillance databases

Caini,

Meijer,

Nunes

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: Early after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a major drop in the number of influenza B/Yamagata detections was observed globally. Given the potential public health implications, particularly with regards to influenza vaccination, we conducted a systematic review of influenza B/Yamagata virus circulation data from multiple complementary sources of information. Methods: We searched articles published until 20th March 2023 in PubMed and EMBASE; examined epidemiological and virological influenza data for 2020-2023 contained in the publicly available WHO-FluNet and GISAID (Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data) global databases, or collected by the multi-national Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) study; and looked for influenza data in the webpages of respiratory viruses surveillance systems from countries worldwide. Results: Highly consistent findings were found across all sources of information, with a progressive decline of influenza B/Yamagata detections from 2020 onwards across all world regions, both in absolute terms (total number of cases), the positivity rate, and as a fraction of influenza B detections. Isolated influenza B/Yamagata cases continue to be sporadically reported, and these are typically vaccine-derived, mistaken data entries or under investigation. Discussion: While it is still too early to conclude that B/Yamagata is (or will soon become) extinct, the current epidemiological and virological data call for a rapid response in terms of influenza prevention practices, particularly regarding the formulation of influenza vaccines. The current epidemiological situation is unprecedented in recent decades, underlying the importance of continuously and carefully monitoring the circulation of influenza viruses (as well as SARS-CoV-2 and the other respiratory viruses) in the coming years.

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“…IBV, HBoV, and enteroviruses were the most common pathogens of viral coinfection. In previously published reports Influenza A virus was seen more frequently as a co-infectious agent with SARS-CoV-2 [ 63 ]. In our study, Influenza B virus was reported as a coinfection pathogen in 15 cases compared to zero with influenza A virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory pathogens among a Jordanian subpopulation during Delta-to-Omicron transition: Winter 2021/2022

et al. 2023

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Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the winter months are associated with higher morbidity and mortality compared to other seasons of the year, with children below five, elderly, and immunocompromised patients being the most susceptible. Influenza A and B viruses, rhinovirus, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses, are the most frequently identified causes of viral ARTIs. In addition, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 provided an additional viral cause of ARTIs. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the epidemiological status of upper respiratory infections, their main causative agents, and reported clinical presentation in the winter months of 2021, during two important surges of COVID-19 in Jordan. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 339 symptomatic patients during the period from December 2021 to March 2022, followed by nucleic acid isolation using a Viral RNA/DNA extraction Kit. The causative virus species associated with the patient’s respiratory symptoms was determined utilizing a multiplex real-time PCR targeting 21 viruses, 11 bacteria, and a single fungus. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 39.2% of the patients (n = 133/339). A total of 15 different pathogens were also identified as co-infections among these 133 patients (n = 67/133). SARS-CoV-2-Bacterial coinfections (37.6%, n = 50/133) were the most frequent, with Bordetella species being the most common, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, and H.influenzae type B. Viral coinfection rate was 27.8% (n = 37/133), with Influenza B virus and Human bocavirus being the most common. In Conclusion, Both SARS-CoV-2, influenza B virus, and Bordetella accounted for the majority of infections in patients with URTI during the winter months of 2021–2022. Interestingly, more than 50% of the patients with symptoms of URTIs were confirmed to have a coinfection with two or more respiratory pathogens, with SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella coinfection being most predominant.

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Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Omicron‐induced interferon signaling prevents influenza A H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection

Omicron‐induced interferon signaling prevents influenza A H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection

Is influenza B/Yamagata extinct and what public health implications could this have? An updated literature review and comprehensive assessment of global surveillance databases

Prevalence of SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory pathogens among a Jordanian subpopulation during Delta-to-Omicron transition: Winter 2021/2022

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