Resveratrol alleviates oxidative stress induced by oxidized soybean oil and improves gut function via changing gut microbiota in weaned piglets

Abstract

Background Oxidized soybean oil (OSO) has been shown to impair growth and exacerbate inflammation, leading to intestinal barrier injury in animals. Recent evidence suggests important roles for resveratrol (RES) in the promoting growth performance, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory, and regulate intestinal barriers in animals. Therefore, The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of dietary RES (purity 98%) supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory state, and intestinal function of weaned piglets challenged with OSO. Methods A total of 28 castrated weaned male piglets with a similar body weight of 10.19 ± 0.10 kg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments for 28-d feeding trial with 7 replications per treatment and 1 piglet per replicate. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with oil type [3% fresh soybean oil (FSO) vs. 3% OSO] and dietary RES (0 vs. 300 mg/kg). Results The results showed that relative to the FSO group, OSO stress tended to decrease the average daily feed intake (ADFI), and decreased the activity levels of lipase, villus/crypt ratio (VCR), the mRNA expression of FABP1, SOD2, IL-10 and ZO-1 in the jejunum, and SOD2, GPX1, occludin and ZO-1 in the colon, the levels of acetic acid in the colonic digesta, whereas up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary supplementation with RES increased ether extract (EE), the activity levels of sucrase, lipase, α-amylase, villus height (VH) and VCR, the mRNA expression of FABP1, SOD2, IL-10 and occludin in the jejunum, and FABP1, PPAR-γ, GPX1, occludin and ZO-1 in the colon, and the abundance of Firmicutes, acetic and propionic acid, but decreased the levels of D-lactic acid in the plasma, the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the colonic digesta of weaned piglets compared to the non-RES group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, in the interaction effect analysis, relative to the OSO group, dietary RES supplementation in the diets supplemented with OSO increased the activity levels of trypsin, VH in the jejunum, the abundance of Actinobacteria, the levels of butyric acid of weaned piglets, but failed to influence the activity levels of trypsin and VH, Actinobacteria abundance, the levels of butyric acid when diets were supplemented with FSO (interaction, P < 0.05). Relative to the OSO group, dietary RES supplementation in the diets supplemented with OSO decreased the activity levels of DAO in the plasma of weaned piglets but failed to influence the activity levels of DAO when diets were supplemented with FSO (interaction, P < 0.05). Relative to the FSO group, dietary RES supplementation in the diets supplemented with FSO decreased the level of propionic acid, whereas RES supplementation failed to influence the level of propionic acid when the diet was supplemented with OSO (interaction, P < 0.01). Conclusions Inclusion of OSO intensified inflammatory states and impaired the intestinal health characteristics of weaned piglets. Dietary RES supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory activity, and intestinal morphology. Further studies showed that the protective effects of RES on gut health could be linked to the decreased abundance of Prevotella_1, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_6, and Prevotellaceae_UCG003 and increased levels of acetic and propionic acid.

Dietary Resveratrol Ameliorates Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism and Jejunal Barrier in Offspring Induced by Maternal Oxidized Soybean Oil Challenge

“…In this study, we found that Res dramatically improved the mRNA level of Nrf2 and elevated the antioxidant CAT expression after OSO was challenged. These results are similar to those of Gao’s study, in which Res mitigated jejunal damage in weaned piglet exposure to OSO by elevating the mRNA of antioxidant enzymes …”

“…These results are similar to those of Gao's study, in which Res mitigated jejunal damage in weaned piglet exposure to OSO by elevating the mRNA of antioxidant enzymes. 28 Oxidative stress damages the intestinal barrier function by various mechanisms. 67 For example, the increase in oxidative stress is inextricably linked to the intestinal inflammatory response.…”

“…Moreover, Res is a natural plant antitoxin with antioxidant properties . Regarding mammals, Res has proven health benefits. , For example, Res supplementation improves gut health in piglets challenged by deoxynivalenol and oxidized oil …”

Non-12α-Hydroxylated Bile Acids Improve Piglet Growth Performance by Improving Intestinal Flora, Promoting Intestinal Development and Bile Acid Synthesis

“…Piglet feces were put into sealed plastic bags, treated with 10% sulfuric acid for nitrogen fixation, and immediately stored in a −20 • C refrigerator until testing. The contents of total energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat (EE) and organic matter (OM) in the feces and diets were determined, and the nutrient digestibility of each nutrient was calculated [16].…”

Effect of Dietary Puerarin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Morphology in Domestic Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>)

“…In order to mitigate the adverse effects of weaning, supplementation with plant extracts has been shown to constitute an effective strategy for alleviating stress and enhancing growth performance in animals[ 10 , 11 ]. Isoflavones, a type of flavonoid mainly found in legumes, have been reported to assuage oxidative stress in broilers[ 12 ], finishing pigs[ 13 ], and lactating sows[ 14 ], improve the intestinal health of newborn and weaned piglets[ 15 , 16 ], and enhance the immunity of broilers treated with lipopolysaccharide or virus[ 17 , 18 ], thereby playing a crucial protective role in animal production.…”