Resveratrol ameliorates bisphenol A-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats: a stereological and functional study

Abstract

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used synthetic chemicals worldwide. BPA as an endocrine disruptor affects the reproductive systems through estrogenic and antiandrogenic proprieties. Resveratrol (RES) as a natural polyphenol and potent antioxidant exhibits protective effects against reproductive toxicity by inhibiting of oxidative stress. 48 male rats were divided into eight groups (n=6), including CONTROL, OLIVE OIL (0.5 ml/ day), Carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) (1 ml of 10 g/l), RES (100mg/kg/day), low dose of BPA (25 mg/kg/day), high dose of BPA (50 mg/kg/day), low dose of BPA + RES, and high dose of BPA + RES. All treatments were done orally per day for 56 days. At the end of the 8th week, blood samples were collected for hormone assays. Then, the sperm parameters were analyzed, and the left testis was removed for stereological study. Results We showed a significant decrease in sperm parameters in the low and high doses of BPA groups compared to control groups (P<0.05). The volume of testicular components as well as the diameter and length of seminiferous tubules significantly reduced (11-64 %), and the total number of the testicular cell types decreased (34-67 %) on average in the low and high doses of BPA groups. Moreover, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone hormones concentration showed a significant reduction in both doses of BPA groups (P<0.01). Nonetheless, treatment with RES could ameliorate all the above-mentioned changes in the low and high doses of BPA groups (P<0.05). Conclusions RES could prevent BPA-induced testicular structural changes and sperm quality via improving gonadotropin hormones and testosterone levels.

Protective effect of platelet-rich plasma against structural and functional changes of the adult rat testis in carbimazole-induced hypothyroidism

“…To measure the levels of T3, T4, and testosterone, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture and subsequently centrifuged at 3,500 rpm for 15 minutes. Following centrifugation, serum samples were stored at −70 °C for further biochemical analysis [21,22]. The concentrations of T3, T4, and testosterone were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Monobind Inc.).…”

“…For each rat, between 200 and 300 spermatozoa were examined, and the ratio of normal to abnormal spermatozoa was determined. Abnormal sperm morphology was defined as the presence of any irregularities in the head or tail [21].…”

“…After tissue processing, the circular piece and slabs were embedded, sectioned at respective thicknesses of 5 and 25 µm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (Figure 2). The areas of the circular pieces were measured both before processing (the unshrunken state) and after (the shrunken state) [21,25]. The degree of shrinkage, represented as d (shr), was then calculated using the following formula: d (shr)=1−[Area (after)/Area (before)] 1.5 The total volume of the testis was measured based on shrinkage volume (V [shrunken]), calculated using the following formula:…”

“…A point grid was overlaid on the live microscopic image of the sections, which had a thickness of 5 μm, during monitoring. This was achieved using software developed at the Centre of Histomorphometry and Stereology [21,26].…”

Ameliorative Effects of Zinc Oxide, in Either Conventional or Nanoformulation, Against Bisphenol A Toxicity on Reproductive Performance, Oxidative Status, Gene Expression and Histopathology in Adult Male Rats

“…BPA downregulated Bcl-2 expression (anti-apoptotic factor) and upregulated Caspase 3 and 9 and Bax (pro-apoptotic factors), the thing that pushes it to trigger male gametes apoptosis [ 8 ]. Moreover, low and high doses of BPA significantly reduced testicular volume, morphometry of seminiferous tubules and spermatogonial cells as well as the serum levels of testosterone and FSH [ 9 ]. Additionally, BPA is one of the estrogenic environmental pollutants, and at extremely low levels, it can bind to estrogenic receptors [ 10 ].…”