Resveratrol attenuates the pathogenic and inflammatory properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis, which affects tooth‐supporting tissues. This Gram‐negative anaerobic bacterium produces a repertoire of virulence factors that modulate tissue destruction directly or indirectly by the induction of inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol, a major polyphenol found in grapes and wine, on the growth and virulence properties of P. gingivalis as well as on gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity and the host inflammatory response. Resveratrol exhibited antibacterial activity that may result from damage to the bacterial cell membrane. Resveratrol also killed a pre‐formed P. gingivalis biofilm and reduced bacterial adherence to matrix proteins. In addition, resveratrol had a protective effect on the integrity of the keratinocyte tight junctions by inhibiting its breakdown by P. gingivalis. This may be related to the ability of resveratrol to inhibit the protease activities of P. gingivalis. Lastly, resveratrol reduced P. gingivalis‐mediated activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and attenuated TREM‐1 gene expression as well as soluble TREM‐1 secretion in monocytes. The effect on NF‐κB activation likely results from the ability of resveratrol to act as a PPAR‐γ agonist. In summary, the antibacterial, anti‐adherence, and antiprotease properties of resveratrol, as well as its ability to protect the gingival keratinocyte barrier and attenuate the inflammatory response in monocytes suggest that it may be a promising novel therapeutic agent for treating periodontal disease.

Pterostilbene complexed with cyclodextrin exerts antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects

“…For example, they may disrupt cell membranes, inhibit nucleic acid metabolism, or disrupt synthesis of important components critical for bacterial cell survival such as proteins, nucleic acids, or cell walls. Several studies in the literature [42][43][44][45] have investigated the potential modes of action of polyphenols against various Gram positive and negative bacteria, such as S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and P. gingivalis. These studies showed that the polyphenols act on the bacterial cell membranes, resulting in altered cell surface morphology, subsequent damage and increased cell permeability.…”

The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts

“…This process results in the production of mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in stimulated macrophage cells [ 26 ]. Since pro-inflammatory cytokines are recognized to play a vital role in cell signalling and systemic inflammation, the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines may result in tissue destruction and the development of several pro-inflammatory processes [ 27 ].…”

An Innovative Strategy for Oral Biofilm Control in Early Childhood Based on a Resveratrol-Cyclodextrin Nanotechnology Approach

“…The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the addition of RV-HPβCD oral spray to oral hygiene procedures reduces plaque and gingivitis in children 2–5 years old, due to its potential for host modulation and antimicrobial activity [ 10 ]. RV alone exerts antibacterial effect against oral microbial pathogens involved in periodontal disease and dental caries, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [ 29 , 30 ] and Streptococcus mutans [ 31 ].…”

“…This could be due to the remarkable pleiotropic activities (anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant) of RV in the oral cavity [ 10 ]. It efficiently inhibits, not only the growth of Gram-negative periodontal pathogens [ 29 , 30 ], but also causes a decrease in oxidative burst capacity of neutrophils and in pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in the gingival tissues [ 11 , 13 ].…”