Retail Tobacco Exposure: Using Geographic Analysis to Identify Areas With Excessively High Retail Density

Rodriguez, Daniel; Carlos, Heather A.; Adachi-Mejia, Anna M.; Berke, Ethan M.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt126

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Retail outlets were more likely to be present in areas that were low income. This level of increased exposure is likely to contribute to the perception that tobacco products are socially acceptable, which increases the likelihood of tobacco uptake and increases the difficulty in both making and succeeding in a quit attempt [ 25 , 26 ]. These findings are consistent with studies across North America that have found a relationship between socio-economic status and availability of tobacco products [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Retail Outlets and Vulnerable Populations in Ontario, Canada

Chaiton

Mecredy

Cohen

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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Interest has been increasing in regulating the location and number of tobacco vendors as part of a comprehensive tobacco control program. The objective of this paper is to examine the distribution of tobacco outlets in a large jurisdiction, to assess: (1) whether tobacco outlets are more likely to be located in vulnerable areas; and (2) what proportion of tobacco outlets are located close to schools. Retail locations across the Province of Ontario from Ministry of Health Promotion data were linked to 2006 Census data at the neighbourhood level. There was one tobacco retail outlet for every 1,000 people over age 15 in Ontario. Density of outlets varied by public health unit, and was associated with the number of smokers. Tobacco outlets were more likely to be located in areas that had high neighbourhood deprivation, in both rural and urban areas. Outlets were less likely to be located in areas with high immigrant populations in urban areas, with the reverse being true for rural areas. Overall, 65% of tobacco retailers were located within 500 m of a school. The sale of tobacco products is ubiquitous, however, neighbourhoods with lower socio-economic status are more likely to have easier availability of tobacco products and most retailers are located within walking distance of a school. The results suggest the importance of policies to regulate the location of tobacco retail outlets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Retail Outlets and Vulnerable Populations in Ontario, Canada

Chaiton

Mecredy

Cohen

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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“…[13][14][15][16][17][18] In the USA, tobacco retailers concentrate disproportionately in neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of Black and Latino or Hispanic residents as well as neighbourhoods with lower socioeconomic status and those with a greater concentration of same-sex couples. [19][20][21][22][23][24] The past decade of research confirmed that a pattern of greater tobacco availability in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage is not unique to the USA, but also evident in Australia, Canada, Germany, Scotland and elsewhere. [25][26][27][28] Not surprisingly, differential exposures to pointof-sale tobacco marketing follow similar patterns.…”

Section: Prioritising Health Equitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Retail endgame strategies: reduce tobacco availability and visibility and promote health equity

Kong

Henriksen

2022

Tob Control

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An increasing number of countries have set tobacco endgame goals that target dramatic reductions in smoking prevalence. To achieve those targets and promote health equity, policies are needed to reduce the retail supply and visibility of tobacco products. Focusing on retailer reduction strategies and tobacco display bans, this special communication reviews solution-oriented research about the retail environment. It highlights examples of policy implementation and identifies data needs and research gaps for designing and evaluating retail policies to promote population health equitably.

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“…We selected and report on the most relevant and illuminating documents, particularly those in which PMAI Research on placement of tobacco products in the retail spaces has been an accelerating area of tobacco control research (Abdel Magid et al, 2020;Anesetti-Rothermel et al, 2020;Glasser and Roberts, 2021;Lawman et al, 2020;Marsh et al, 2020;Marsh et al, 2021;Morrison et al, 2021;Pike et al, 2019;Pollay, 2007;Rodriguez et al, 2014;Shareck et al, 2020;Trapl et al, 2020;Valiente et al, 2020). Between 1999 and 2013, a few studies on tobacco retail placement were published in the international literature (Dewhirst, 2004;Feighery et al, 2003;Halonen et al, 2014;Lavack and Toth, 2006;Pollay, 2007;Rodriguez et al, 2014), then from 2016 increasing to more than a dozen (Abdel Magid et al, 2020;Anesetti-Rothermel et al, 2020;Glasser and Roberts, 2021;Lawman et al, 2020;Marsh et al, 2020;Marsh et al, 2021;Morrison et al, 2021;Pike et al, 2019;Shareck et al, 2020;Trapl et al, 2020;Valiente et al, 2020). Most studies on tobacco retail sales have been conducted in high-income countries, although a few studies have been conducted in Southeast Asia, including in Thailand (Li et al, 2015;Noosorn, 2019, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2018, researchers have increasingly examined the density and proximity of retail shops to neighborhoods and schools with populations vulnerable to smoking. Some of this increase has been due to the availability of geographical mapping applications that can be used to analyze where tobacco retailers are located within specific populations (Morrison et al, 2021;Rodriguez et al, 2014;Valiente et al, 2020). A review of research findings on tobacco retailer density and proximity found that high densities of tobacco retailers are associated with factors that undermine tobacco control measures, reinforce tobacco use as a norm, and reinforce tobacco availability for youth initiation (Glasser and Roberts, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering Philip Morris International’s Fundamental Strategies for Product Placement in Thailand: Spotlighting Industry Penetration to Advance the Endgame

Charoenca

Kungskulniti

Hamann³

et al. 2021

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: Tobacco companies and their associated businesses know that placement -where one can see and purchase their products -is critical to their success. Placement is one of the four fundamental Ps of marketing along with product, price and promotion. Placement includes identifying retail locations in important places such as in shopping districts, within neighborhoods, near schools, at beaches, and in parks. In Southeast Asia, counteracting tobacco company placement strategies that result in market penetration is essential to advancing the endgame, namely ending tobacco use. However, in Southeast Asia research on the placement of tobacco products has been limited. Objectives: We undertook to analyze how Philip Morris International (PMI) through its subsidiary Philip Morris Asia Inc. (PMAI), from the time the company entered Thailand's market once it was forced open in 1990, developed its successful product placement strategies and tactics. Methods: We examined over 4,000 PMI and PMAI internal documents using an historical, iterative and thematic approach. We analyzed the most relevant and illuminating documents, particularly those in which PMAI discussed retailer supply, retailer acceptance and retailer cooperation. Results: Even before foreign tobacco brands were legally allowed to be sold in Thailand, PMAI was already doing customer research in Thailand. In 1989, PMAI conducted a study of potential Thai customers in which 24% of respondents' lack of availability (i.e., product placement) was one of the main reasons for not smoking PMI's products. Based on these findings, PMAI engaged in intensive internal efforts to address the placement barrier to gain share. PMAI placed considerable emphasis on "stimulating retail trade acceptance" by making payments to retailers who met agreed upon and contracted product sales targets. PMAI's initial successes incentivizing Thai retailers by essentially buying prime retail space for placement of their brands, to crowd out local and other foreign brands, became the foundation of what evolved into a sophisticated program to make placement highly lucrative for retailers. Conclusion: PMAI viewed aggressive product placement as essential to success as a new entrant in Thailand, and their product placement strategies contributed substantially to capturing a large share of the market. Therefore, endgame strategies must focus on restricting product placement through surveillance of tobacco industry legal, investment and retailer actions and through stricter tobacco retailer licensing requirements and penalties.

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Retail Tobacco Exposure: Using Geographic Analysis to Identify Areas With Excessively High Retail Density

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Tobacco Retail Outlets and Vulnerable Populations in Ontario, Canada

Tobacco Retail Outlets and Vulnerable Populations in Ontario, Canada

Retail endgame strategies: reduce tobacco availability and visibility and promote health equity

Uncovering Philip Morris International’s Fundamental Strategies for Product Placement in Thailand: Spotlighting Industry Penetration to Advance the Endgame

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