Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21 in New Jersey, 2019-2020

Hrywna, Mary; Kong, Amanda Y.; Ackerman, Christopher; Hudson, Shawna V.; Delnevo, Cristine D.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.35637

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Measuring compliance based solely on ID requests would result in a lower estimate of noncompliance (15.4%) than measuring compliance using the retailer proportion of completed sales to underage buyers (34.2%). Moreover, it is important to note that sales were still made even after ID was checked, as also was observed in New Jersey [13].…”

Section: Principal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Noncompliance with the age 21 tobacco sales requirement remains high. In New Jersey in 2019-2020, sales to underage buyers aged 18-20 were completed 42.5% of the time [13].…”

Section: Results In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This project used an underage purchasing protocol from a New Jersey study [13,14]. As North Carolina does not have tobacco retailer licensing, commercially available store lists from Data Axle (previously called ReferenceUSA) were aggregated and de-duplicated with off-premises alcohol permits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have examined purchase rates by young adult underage buyers (aged 18-20 years) who were impacted by the increase in the federal age of sale from 18 to 21, and none have done so in tobacco growing states or in the US South. One California study found a violation rate of 14.2% for buyers aged [18][19] in 2017 [12], and a more recent study in New Jersey found 42.5% of attempts by age 18-20 buyers resulted in the sale of cigarettes [13].…”

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retailers’ Compliance with Federal Age of Cigarette Sales Policies – Pitt County, North Carolina, January–March 2022

Lee,

Sesay,

van de Venne

et al. 2024

North Carolina Medical Journal

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Background Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and premature mortality. In December 2019, the federal age of sale for tobacco products increased from age 18 to age 21. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of federal Tobacco 21 policies in Pitt County, North Carolina, by conducting multiple purchase attempts for cigarettes. Methods Stores in Pitt County that sold cigarettes were randomly sampled and visited by up to six different underage buyers (aged 18–20 years) who attempted to buy cigarettes from January to March 2022. Buyers made a total of 217 cigarette purchase attempts from 49 Pitt County retailers. Analyses were conducted using SPSS Complex Samples (v.28/Macintosh) to estimate retailer prevalence of requesting identification (ID) and selling to underage buyers across multiple purchase attempts. Results On average, retailers failed to request ID in 15.4% of purchase attempts (95% CI; 9.4%–21.3%) and sold to an underage buyer 34.2% of the time (95% CI; 27.0%–41.4%). Additionally, 75.5% (95% CI; 63.4%–84.6%) of retailers sold to an underage buyer at least once. Limitations This study is limited to a single county in North Carolina and to underage buyers aged 18 to 20 years. Conclusions There is widespread noncompliance with federal age-of-sale policies for tobacco products in Pitt County, North Carolina. State enforcement is warranted, and North Carolina’s youth access law should be amended to match the federal age of sale. Changes to the law should allow research involving underage purchases.

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Section: Principal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Noncompliance with the age 21 tobacco sales requirement remains high. In New Jersey in 2019-2020, sales to underage buyers aged 18-20 were completed 42.5% of the time [13].…”

Section: Results In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retailers’ Compliance with Federal Age of Cigarette Sales Policies – Pitt County, North Carolina, January–March 2022

Lee,

Sesay,

van de Venne

et al. 2024

North Carolina Medical Journal

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What is the Relationship Between Raising the Minimum Legal Sales Age of Tobacco Above 20 and Cigarette Smoking? A Systematic Review

Davies,

Bogdanovica,

McGill

et al. 2024

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

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Introduction There is considerable interest in raising the age of sale of tobacco above the conventional age of 18 years. We systematically reviewed whether raising the minimum legal sales age of tobacco (MLSA) to 20 or above is associated with a reduced prevalence of smoking compared to an MLSA set at 18 or below. Aims and Methods Following a preregistered protocol on PROSPERO (ref: CRD42022347604), six databases of peer-reviewed journals were searched from January 2015 to April 2024. Backward and forward reference searching was conducted. Included studies assessed the association between MLSAs ≥20 with cigarette smoking or cigarette sales for those aged 11–20 years. Assessments on e-cigarettes were excluded. Pairs of reviewers independently extracted study data. We used ROBINS-I to assess the risk of bias and GRADE to assess the quality of evidence. Findings were also synthesized narratively. Results Twenty-three studies were reviewed and 34 estimates of association were extracted. All extracted studies related to Tobacco 21 laws in the United States. Moderate quality evidence was found for reduced cigarette sales, moderate quality evidence was found for reduced current smoking for 18–20-year-olds, and low-quality evidence was found for reduced current smoking for 11–17-year-olds. The positive association was stronger for those with lower education. Study bias was variable. Conclusions There is moderate quality evidence that Tobacco 21 can reduce overall cigarette sales and current cigarette smoking amongst those aged 18–20 years. It has the potential to reduce health inequalities. Research in settings other than the United States is required. Implications This systematic review on raising the minimum legal sale age of tobacco to 20 or above demonstrates there is moderate quality evidence that such laws reduce cigarette sales and moderate quality evidence they reduce smoking prevalence amongst those aged 18–20 years compared to a minimum legal sale age of 18 years or below. The research highlights potential benefits in reducing health inequalities, especially for individuals from lower educational backgrounds. Studies are limited to the United States, highlighting a need for more global research to assess the impact of these policies in other settings.

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What is the relationship between raising the minimum legal sales age of tobacco above 20 and cigarette smoking? A systematic review

Davies,

Bogdanovica,

McGill

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives To determine whether raising the minimum legal sales age of tobacco (MLSA) to 20 or above is associated with reduced prevalence of smoking compared to an MLSA set at 18 or below through systematic review. Design Following a pre-registered protocol on PROSPERO (ref: CRD42022347604), six databases were searched for studies that assessed the association between MLSAs of 20 and above and tobacco smoking or tobacco sales. Assessments on e-cigarettes were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted study data and used ROBINS-I to assess the risk of bias. Narrative methods were used to synthesise findings. Setting Global, with no language restrictions. Subjects Children and young people aged 11-20. Main outcome measures Current cigarette smoking and cigarette sales. Results 19 studies were reviewed, from which 26 effect estimates were extracted. All studies evaluated Tobacco 21 laws in the United States. Just under half of estimates found a statistically significant association with reduced current cigarette smoking or sales, just over half found no statistically significant association and one estimate found an association with increased cigarette smoking. The positive association appeared to be stronger for older age groups, those from a Hispanic/Latinx background and those with lower education. The degree of study bias was variable. Conclusions There is evidence that raising the MLSA for tobacco to 21 reduces cigarette sales and current cigarette smoking amongst those aged 11-20. It may have the potential to reduce health inequalities. Further research beyond the United States would support generalisability to other settings.

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Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21 in New Jersey, 2019-2020

Abstract: This cross-sectional study assesses retailer compliance with the Tobacco 21 law in New Jersey during 2019 and 2020.

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Retailers’ Compliance with Federal Age of Cigarette Sales Policies – Pitt County, North Carolina, January–March 2022

Retailers’ Compliance with Federal Age of Cigarette Sales Policies – Pitt County, North Carolina, January–March 2022

What is the Relationship Between Raising the Minimum Legal Sales Age of Tobacco Above 20 and Cigarette Smoking? A Systematic Review

What is the relationship between raising the minimum legal sales age of tobacco above 20 and cigarette smoking? A systematic review

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