Retardation in Special Relativity and the Design of a Relativistic Motor

Yahalom, Asher

doi:10.12693/aphyspola.131.1285

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Retardation effects in electromagnetic theory were discussed in [31][32][33]. Finally the paper does not discuss dark matter in a cosmological context or in a gravitational lensing scenario; this is left for future works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lorentz Symmetry Group, Retardation, Intergalactic Mass Depletion and Mechanisms Leading to Galactic Rotation Curves

Yahalom

2020

Symmetry

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The general theory of relativity (GR) is symmetric under smooth coordinate transformations, also known as diffeomorphisms. The general coordinate transformation group has a linear subgroup denoted as the Lorentz group of symmetry, which is also maintained in the weak field approximation to GR. The dominant operator in the weak field equation of GR is thus the d’Alembert (wave) operator, which has a retarded potential solution. Galaxies are huge physical systems with dimensions of many tens of thousands of light years. Thus, any change at the galactic center will be noticed at the rim only tens of thousands of years later. Those retardation effects are neglected in the present day galactic modelling used to calculate rotational velocities of matter in the rims of the galaxy and surrounding gas. The significant differences between the predictions of Newtonian instantaneous action at a distance and observed velocities are usually explained by either assuming dark matter or by modifying the laws of gravity (MOND). In this paper, we will show that, by taking general relativity seriously without neglecting retardation effects, one can explain the radial velocities of galactic matter in the M33 galaxy without postulating dark matter. It should be stressed that the current approach does not require that velocities v are high; in fact, the vast majority of galactic bodies (stars, gas) are substantially subluminal—in other words, the ratio of vc≪1. Typical velocities in galaxies are 100 km/s, which makes this ratio 0.001 or smaller. However, one should consider the fact that every gravitational system, even if it is made of subluminal bodies, has a retardation distance, beyond which the retardation effect cannot be neglected. Every natural system, such as stars and galaxies and even galactic clusters, exchanges mass with its environment, for example, the sun loses mass through solar wind and galaxies accrete gas from the intergalactic medium. This means that all natural gravitational systems have a finite retardation distance. The question is thus quantitative: how large is the retardation distance? For the M33 galaxy, the velocity curve indicates that the retardation effects cannot be neglected beyond a certain distance, which was calculated to be roughly 14,000 light years; similar analysis for other galaxies of different types has shown similar results. We demonstrate, using a detailed model, that this does not require a high velocity of gas or stars in or out of the galaxy and is perfectly consistent with the current observational knowledge of galactic and extra galactic material content and dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lorentz Symmetry Group, Retardation, Intergalactic Mass Depletion and Mechanisms Leading to Galactic Rotation Curves

Yahalom

2020

Symmetry

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“…For a calculation of K 122 in particular geometries see [14][15][16]. We stress that the mechanical momentum given is of order 1 c 2 and higher order terms are neglected.…”

Section: The Case Of Two Currents Loops Of Arbitrary Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous paper, we used Jefimenko's [3,13] equation to discuss the force between two current carrying coils [14]. This was later expanded to include the interaction between a current carrying loop and a permanent magnet [15,16], see Figure 1. Since the system is affected by a total force for a finite period of time this means that the system acquires mechanical momentum and energy, the question then arises if we need to abandon the law of momentum and energy conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lorentz Symmetry Group, Retardation and Energy Transformations in a Relativistic Engine

2021

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In a previous paper, we have shown that Newton’s third law cannot strictly hold in a distributed system of which the different parts are at a finite distance from each other. This is due to the finite speed of signal propagation which cannot exceed the speed of light in vacuum, which in turn means that when summing the total force in the system the force does not add up to zero. This was demonstrated in a specific example of two current loops with time dependent currents, the above analysis led to suggestion of a relativistic engine. Since the system is effected by a total force for a finite period of time this means that the system acquires mechanical momentum and energy, the question then arises how can we accommodate the law of momentum and energy conservation. The subject of momentum conservation was discussed in a pervious paper, while preliminary results regarding energy conservation where discussed in some additional papers. Here we give a complete analysis of the exchange of energy between the mechanical part of the relativistic engine and the field part, the energy radiated from the relativistic engine is also discussed. We show that the relativistic engine effect on the energy is 4th-order in 1c and no lower order relativistic engine effect on the energy exists.

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“…Retardation effects in electromagnetic theory were discussed in [31,32,33]. Finally the paper does not discuss dark matter in a cosmological context (but it does take into account cosmological effects in a galaxy) or in a gravitational lensing scenario; this is left for future works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cosmological Decrease of Galactic Density and the Induced Retarded Gravity Effect on Rotation Curves

Yahalom¹

2021

Preprint

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Galaxies are huge physical systems having dimensions of many tens of thousands of light years. Thus any change at the galactic center will be noticed at the rim only tens of thousands of years later. Those retardation effects seems to be neglected in present day galactic modelling used to calculate rotational velocities of matter in the rims of the galaxy and surrounding gas. The significant differences between the predictions of Newtonian instantaneous action at a distance and observed velocities are usually explained by either assuming dark matter or by modifying the laws of gravity (MOND). In this paper we will show that taking general relativity seriously without neglecting retardation effects one can explain the radial velocities of galactic matter without postulating dark matter. However, this will rely on a temporal change of galactic mass. We will compare two different mechanisms of density change, one is local, that is accretion of matter from the intergalactic medium. The other is global, that is the cosmological decrease of density due to the cosmic expansion. It will be shown that local effects are much more important in this respect.

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Retardation in Special Relativity and the Design of a Relativistic Motor

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Lorentz Symmetry Group, Retardation, Intergalactic Mass Depletion and Mechanisms Leading to Galactic Rotation Curves

Lorentz Symmetry Group, Retardation, Intergalactic Mass Depletion and Mechanisms Leading to Galactic Rotation Curves

Lorentz Symmetry Group, Retardation and Energy Transformations in a Relativistic Engine

The Cosmological Decrease of Galactic Density and the Induced Retarded Gravity Effect on Rotation Curves

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