Retention forestry and prescribed burning result in functionally different saproxylic beetle assemblages than clear-cutting

Heikkala, Osmo; Seibold, Sebastian; Koivula, Matti; Martikainen, Petri; Müller, Jörg; Thorn, Simon; Kouki, Jari

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.043

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The results of this study show that the structural complexity in post-harvest retention patches is generally similar to that characterizing natural stands of post-fire residual patches and continuous forests as previously suggested by Gandhi et al [20] and Heikkala et al [64]. Furthermore, our results also indicate that post-fire residual patches generally fall within the natural variability present in continuous forest stands.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Can Retention Harvest Maintain Natural Structural Complexity? A Comparison of Post-Harvest and Post-Fire Residual Patches in Boreal Forest

Moussaoui

Fenton

Leduc

et al. 2016

Forests

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Abstract:Variable retention harvest promotes biodiversity conservation in managed boreal forests by ensuring forest continuity and structural complexity. However, do post-harvest and post-fire patches maintain the same structural complexity? This study compares post-harvest and post-fire residual patches and proposes retention modalities that can maintain the same structural complexity as in natural forests, here considering both continuous forest stands and post-fire residual patches. In boreal black spruce forests, 41 post-fire residual patches, and 45 post-harvest retention patches of varying size and ages (exposure time to disturbed matrix) and 37 continuous forest stands were classified into six diameter structure types. Types 1 (inverted-J) and 2 (trunked-unimodal) characterized stands dominated by small trees. The abundance of small trees decreased and the abundance of large trees increased from Type 1 to Type 6. Type 6 had the most irregular structure with a wide range of diameters. This study indicates that: (1) old post-harvest residual retentions maintained the range of structural complexity found in natural stands; (2) Types 1 and 2 were generally associated with young post-fire patches and post-harvest retention clumps; (3) the structure of residual patches containing only small trees was usually younger (in terms of the age of the original forest from which residual patches were formed) than those with larger trees. To avoid the risk of simplifying the structure, retention patches should be intentionally oriented towards Types 3-6, dominated by intermediate and large trees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Can Retention Harvest Maintain Natural Structural Complexity? A Comparison of Post-Harvest and Post-Fire Residual Patches in Boreal Forest

Moussaoui

Fenton

Leduc

et al. 2016

Forests

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“…Phylogenetic (evolutionary) distance (PDist) among ground beetle species was characterized by the distance between species based on the branch length to the common ancestor on Beutel et al's (2008) phylogenetic tree. The branch length of a phylogenetic tree is a commonly used distance measure to express phylogenetic relatedness (e.g., Heikkala et al, 2016). Distances between species based on the branch length to the common ancestor were converted to values ranged from 0 to 1 (with the highest value made equal to 1, and the others recalculated proportionally to this), to set FDist and PDist on the same scale.…”

Section: Data Analyses On Functional and Phylogenetic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where SD MFPD random is the standard deviation of MFPD random . Creating an appropriate random model using species recorded in the study sites is a standard method to test assembly rules (Cadotte et al, 2013;Heikkala et al, 2016). The standardized effect sizes were calculated based on null models with 999 randomizations by tip shuffling (Webb et al, 2002) using the picante package .…”

Section: Data Analyses On Functional and Phylogenetic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strength of the relationship between the standardized effect sizes and position along the grasslandforest gradient was tested by systematically changing the phylogenetic-weighting parameter (a) using linear models with the function lm. The optimal value of the weighting parameter (a) was the one under which the adjusted R 2 value of the linear model between the standardized effect sizes and position along the grassland-forest gradient reached its maximum (Cadotte et al, 2013;Bässler et al, 2016;Heikkala et al, 2016). Finally, we evaluated the mean standardized effect sizes calculated for the optimal value of the weighting parameter (a).…”

Section: Data Analyses On Functional and Phylogenetic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental filtering is the main assembly rule of ground beetles in the forest and its edge but not in the adjacent grassland

Magura

Löveï

2017

Insect Science

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In a fragmented landscape, transitional zones between neighboring habitats are common, and our understanding of community organizational forces across such habitats is important. Edge studies are numerous, but the majority of them utilize information on species richness and abundance. Abundance and taxonomic diversity, however, provide little information on the functioning and phylogeny of the co-existing species. Combining the evaluation of their functional and phylogenetic relationships, we aimed to assess whether ground beetle assemblages are deterministically or stochastically structured along grassland-forest gradients. Our results showed different community assembly rules on opposite sides of the forest edge. In the grassland, co-occurring species were functionally and phylogenetically not different from the random null model, indicating a random assembly process. Contrary to this, at the forest edge and the interior, co-occurring species showed functional and phylogenetic clustering, thus environmental filtering was the likely process structuring carabid assemblages. Community assembly in the grassland was considerably affected by asymmetrical species flows (spillover) across the forest edge: more forest species penetrated into the grassland than open-habitat and generalist species entered into the forest. This asymmetrical species flow underlines the importance of the filter function of forest edges. As unfavorable, human-induced changes to the structure, composition and characteristics of forest edges may alter their filter function, edges have to be specifically considered during conservation management.

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“…Dispersal limitations should not play a large role at the scale of our study (20–30 km), as the majority of saproxylic beetles and wood‐inhabiting fungi are good dispersers (Komonen & Müller, ). It is known that saproxylic beetle communities are mainly shaped by habitat filtering and dead‐wood amounts (Bouget, Larrieu, Nusillard, & Parmain, ; Gossner, Floren, Weisser, & Linsenmair, ; Heikkala et al, ; Klepzig et al, ). Therefore, within a decade, dead‐wood enrichment contributed directly to the change in community composition (see also Thorn et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal effects of landscape‐wide enrichment of dead wood on saproxylic organisms in beech forests of different historic management intensity

Roth

Doerfler

Bässler

et al. 2018

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim European temperate forests have lost dead wood and the associated biodiversity owing to intensive management over centuries. Nowadays, some of these forests are being restored by enrichment with dead wood, but mostly only at stand scales. Here, we investigated effects of a seminal dead‐wood enrichment strategy on saproxylic organisms at the landscape scale. Location Temperate European beech forest in southern Germany. Methods In a before–after control–impact design, we compared assemblages and gamma diversities of saproxylic organisms in strictly protected old‐growth forest areas (reserves) and historically moderately and intensively managed forest areas before and a decade after starting a landscape‐wide strategy of dead‐wood enrichment. Results Before enrichment with dead wood, the gamma diversity of saproxylic organisms in historically intensively managed forest stands was significantly lower than in reserves and historically moderately managed forest stands; this difference disappeared after 10 years of dead‐wood enrichment. The species composition of beetles in forest stands of the three historical management intensities differed before the enrichment strategy, but a decade thereafter, the species compositions of previously intensively logged and forest reserve plots were similar. However, the differences in fungal species composition between historical management categories before and after 10 years of enrichment persisted. Main conclusions Our results demonstrate that intentional enrichment of dead wood at the landscape scale is a powerful tool for rapidly restoring saproxylic beetle communities and for restoring wood‐inhabiting fungal communities, which need longer than a decade for complete restoration. We propose that a strategy of area‐wide active restoration combined with some permanent strict refuges is a promising means of promoting the biodiversity of age‐long intensively managed Central European beech forests.

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Retention forestry and prescribed burning result in functionally different saproxylic beetle assemblages than clear-cutting

Cited by 49 publications

References 59 publications

Can Retention Harvest Maintain Natural Structural Complexity? A Comparison of Post-Harvest and Post-Fire Residual Patches in Boreal Forest

Can Retention Harvest Maintain Natural Structural Complexity? A Comparison of Post-Harvest and Post-Fire Residual Patches in Boreal Forest

Environmental filtering is the main assembly rule of ground beetles in the forest and its edge but not in the adjacent grassland

Decadal effects of landscape‐wide enrichment of dead wood on saproxylic organisms in beech forests of different historic management intensity

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