Retention of 137Cs in forest floor at three temperate coniferous forest stands in the Czech Republic diversely affected by fallout after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986

Takahashi, Shunsuke; Suchara, Ivan; Okamoto, Kazumasa; Sucharová, Julie; Umegaki, Kikuo; Fujiyoshi, Ryoko

doi:10.1007/s10967-016-5048-2

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Another finding in Table 2 is that 224 increasing ratios (the ratio of slopes) of Rb to K (3~4 × 10 -4 ), and of Cs to K (1~3 × 10 -4 ) against SOM 225 No appreciable diffraction peaks corresponding to these clay minerals were detected in the lower range of 286 diffraction angle (3º < 2θ < 18º) on X ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of all the humus fractions (Hu, Hm and 287 Hl) investigated in this study. An example of X ray diffraction pattern of a humus sample in the site I was 288 shown in our previous paper (Takahashi et al 2017). Table 3 lists major diffraction peaks (2θ, d-spacing) 289 and assignment of the mineral in each humus fraction in the site III investigated in this study, in which only 290 quartz was detected in all the cases.…”

Section: Analytical Procedures 110mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Assuming that 382 137 Cs is released within a humus fraction due to the decomposition of host organic components, the (Fig. 3) re-revised.tif Figure Click here to download Figure 137Cs, K, Rb, Cs absamount at each site (Fig.4) re-revised.tif Table Summary of the site-specific properties of soil including those (location, climate, soil type, tree type, stand age, 137 Cs inventory, annual apparent burial rate of 137 Cs to mineral horizon and ecological half-life) described in our previous study (Takahashi et al 2017).…”

Section: Analytical Procedures 110mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cs uptake(April and Deller 1990;Zhao et al 2016). 293In our previous paper(Takahashi et al 2017), the ecological half-life of 137 Cs in humus layer in the sites 294 I, II and III were estimated to be 21.7, 19.8 and 24.8 years, respectively. A similar estimation reported by Alexey et al (2014) gave values of the 137 Cs effective half-life in the fermentative forest litters to be 8-19 296 years in Ukraine and Russian Federation forest sites.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…Republic (Takahashi et al 2017), the highest proportion of 137 Cs in soil was found in the organic horizons 60 (Of and Oh) under temperate coniferous stands diversely affected by the atmospheric fallout from the 61 Chernobyl accident. We obtained relatively low apparent burial rate of 137 Cs (0.04-0.08 cm yr -1 ) in the 62 upper soil layer (< 15 cm depth), which contained no significant amounts of clay minerals, suggesting that the 137 Cs may be associated with humic macromolecules in the upper soil layer down to a depth of about 64 15 cm.…”

Section: Introduction 46mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Downward migration of 137Cs within the humus layer under temperate coniferous stands in the Czech Republic

et al. 2017

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Purpose This study examined the current distribution and downward migration of 137Cs in the humus horizon under temperate coniferous stands in the Czech Republic. Depth distribution profiles of lithogenic alkali metals (K, Rb and Cs) were also traced to find any indication regarding the 137Cs dynamics within the humus horizon. Materials and methods Soil (bulk soil) samples were collected manually from the uppermost down to a depth of 20 cm at three points situated 10-20 m apart in three locations diversely affected by the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Humus samples (about 6 cm in thickness) were separately collected at three points adjacent to the bulk soil sampling. The humus samples were divided into three fractions (upper, middle and lower) denoted to Hu, Hm and Hl, respectively depending on their depths. Activity concentration of 137Cs and the amount of alkali metals (K, Rb and Cs) in each humus fraction were determined with gamma spectrometry and ICP spectrometry, respectively. Some properties (pH, density, SOM and identification of clay minerals), of both bulk soils and humus horizons were also investigated. Results and discussion The highest activity concentration of 137Cs (Bq kg-1) appeared in the upper portion of the soil (mainly humus horizon) under three coniferous stands about 30 years after the Chernobyl accident. Increasing activity of 137Cs (Bq) was found in the lower humus fraction (Hl, 4~6 cm depth range) with no appreciable amounts of clay minerals like illite and smectite in the investigated sites. The findings suggest that the fallout 137Cs moves downward at a speed of 0.13~0.19 cm yr-1 with degrading organic matter within the humus horizon. Possible association of 137Cs with alkali metals (K, Rb and Cs) was suggested by depth distribution profiles of lithogenic Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation alkali metals (K, Rb and Cs) in humus. Conclusion The humus horizon under temperate coniferous stands plays an important role in retaining fallout 137Cs for a long time. Comparing the depth distributions of the fallout nuclide 137Cs with the depth distributions of lithogenic alkali metals (K, Rb and Cs) gives valuable information for clarifying mechanism of 137Cs movement in humus. Further investigation is needed to elucidate mechanism of 137Cs migration within humus horizon by tracing 137Cs speciation and decomposing soil organic matter simultaneously. Keywords Cesium-137 * Forest soil * Humus * Vertical migration rate, Alkali metals Response to Reviewers: Please check the docx file [Reply to the reviewer (JSSS-D-16-00171R3)].

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Section: Analytical Procedures 110mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Analytical Procedures 110mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 92%

Section: Introduction 46mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Downward migration of 137Cs within the humus layer under temperate coniferous stands in the Czech Republic

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“…Pravděpodobně nejpomaleji proniká Cs do hloubky humusovým horizontem, v němž byla na třech blíže zkoumaných lokalitách vertikální migrace vyčíslena na 0,4-0,6 mm/rok (cit. 47 ). Rychlejší migrace Cs do hloubky je však běžná v rašelinných půdách a rašelinách 48 .…”

Section: Izotopy 137 Cs a 134 Cs V Ekosystémech A Potravináchunclassified

Stable and Radioactive Cesium in Natural Environment

et al. 2023

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Cesium is the heaviest stable alkali metal (with only one stable isotope – 133Cs) and it occurs mainly as a potassium-substituting cation. It is an important trace element in rocks typical for the Earth crust, and its content in biomass is also relatively high compared to those abiogenic elements which are little soluble. Low-cost analytical methods like X-Ray Fluorescence are inadequate to quantify cesium in typical natural samples, so that the usage of ICP-MS (Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass Spectrometry) or INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis) is necessary. Nevertheless, investigation of the pollution with the radioactive isotope 137Cs, which is an important fission product and can be measured with gamma-ray spectrometry, also contributed to the knowledge of biogeochemistry of cesium. It has been shown that Cs is usually strongly retained in humus (thank to clay minerals), or is cycling intensely within the soil-biomass system, being only slowly removed (at least, this is valid for ecosystems in temperate climate). The results of extensive biomonitoring in Czech coniferous forests (with prevailing spruce) also show that Cs is concentrated in humus (relatively to all other alkali elements) by natural processes.

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Temporal distribution of Fukushima-derived 137Cs in coniferous forest soil evaluated based on compartment-exponential model

Teramage

2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Retention of 137Cs in forest floor at three temperate coniferous forest stands in the Czech Republic diversely affected by fallout after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Downward migration of 137Cs within the humus layer under temperate coniferous stands in the Czech Republic

Downward migration of 137Cs within the humus layer under temperate coniferous stands in the Czech Republic

Stable and Radioactive Cesium in Natural Environment

Temporal distribution of Fukushima-derived 137Cs in coniferous forest soil evaluated based on compartment-exponential model

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