Retention of nanocrystalline WNx layers exposed to high-fluence deuterium plasmas

LIBS study of ITER relevant tungsten–oxygen coatings exposed to deuterium plasma in Magnum-PSI

“…The ion flux was chosen as close as possible to ITER relevant fluxes of 10 24 m -2 s -1 while keeping the temperature at reasonably low value. Previous studies with tungsten based coatings have used similar fluences with an order of magnitude higher ion flux values comparable to the high fluxes expected in ITER divertor tiles [6,10,40] or orders of magnitude smaller fluences and fluxes [7,9]. The lateral distribution of ion and electron fluxes in linear plasma devices have Gaussian profile whereas the width of the profile is different for ions and electrons.…”

Linear plasma device GyM for plasma-material interaction studies

“…The linear device GyM was originally thought to investigate basic plasma physics [16][17][18], as mentioned in Section 1. Since 2014, it has been mainly used to study the issue of PMI for nuclear fusion applications [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

“…The main aspects of the PMI issue investigated with GyM are: (i) the erosion dynamics of reduced activation ferritic martensitic (RAFM) steels, like Eurofer-97, candidate for the recessed elements of the first wall of DEMO [22], (ii) the effects of plasma on laboratoryprepared nanostructured tungsten coatings used to mimic tokamak W-based re-deposits [19,29,30], (iii) the adhesion of micron-sized tungsten dust particles deposited on W substrates [26,27], (iv) the deuterium retention of divertor-relevant liquid tin [24], and (v) the erosion of solid bulk Sn and W samples for the determination of the spectroscopic parameter S/XB [23,24]. As mentioned earlier, another well-established activity is (vi) the study of ammonia formation in nitrogen-seeded deuterium plasmas [20,21,25].…”

“…GyM was also used to simulate the interaction between hydrogen isotope CXNs and W-based deposits that will build-up on the main chamber of ITER [19,20,29,30]. PWI will lead to the erosion of W divertor tiles of ITER.…”

“…GyM was originally designed and built in 2008 to investigate basic plasma physics phenomena like turbulence and coherent structures, typical of tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) [16][17][18]. Since 2014, the experimental program has been mainly focused on the study of PMI for fusion applications [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Most of the PWI activities have been and are presently carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium work-package plasma-facing components (WP-PFC) [3], during Horizon 2020, and its prosecutor WP plasma-wall interaction and exhaust (PWIE), in the incoming Horizon Europe.…”