Retention Patterns of Canadians Who Studied Medicine Abroad and Other International Medical Graduates

Mathews, Maria; Kandar, Rima; Slade, Steve; Yi, Yanqing; Bourgeault, Ivy Lynn

doi:10.12927/hcpol.2017.25100

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We included 23 retrospective observational studies, one prospective cohort study 28 , and one case-control study. 29 Seven studies were from Canada 12,14,15,27,[30][31][32] , eight from the USA 25,26,29,[33][34][35][36][37] , seven from the United Kingdom 1,[38][39][40][41][42][43] , and one each from Australia 7 , Sweden 28 and Finland 44 . Four were single-institution studies.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Table 2)(Fig. 2) Another study 32 showed that male IMG physicians in the US were more likely to prescribe opioids 31 Performance Record (MSPR) or other customary variables are available to aid in the le review, selection to interviews, and ranking process. This clearly demonstrates the importance of identifying predictors for IMG success and failure in residency and practice employment from the data available at the application; and highlights the need for a transparent, evidence-based, and defensible selection process for IMGs.…”

Section: Success In Qualifying Examsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors for success and failure in international medical graduates: a systematic review of prognostic factor studies

Schabort,

Abdar,

Couban

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background International Medical Graduates (IMG) are an essential part of the international physician workforce, and exploring the predictors of success and failure for IMGs could help inform international and national physician labour workforce selection and planning. Methods We searched 11 databases, including Medline, Embase and LILACS, from inception to February 2022 for studies that explored the predictors of success and failure in IMGs. We reported baseline probability, effect size in relative risk (RR), odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and absolute probability change for success and failure across six groups of outcomes, including success in qualifying and certificate exams, successful matching into residency, retention in practice, disciplinary actions, and outcomes of IMG clinical practice. Results Twenty-five studies (375,549 participants) reported the association of 93 predictors of success and failure for IMGs. Female sex, English proficiency, graduation recency, higher scores in USMLE step 2 and participation in a skill assessment program were associated with success in qualifying exams. Female sex, fluency in English, previous internship and results of qualifying exams were associated with success in certification exams. Retention to work in Canada was associated with several factors, including male gender, graduating within the past five years, and completing residency over fellowships. In the UK, IMGs and candidates who attempted PLAB part 1, ≥4 times vs first attempters, and candidates who attempted PLAB part 2, ≥3 times vs first attempters were more likely to be censured in future practice. Patients treated by IMGs had significantly lower mortalities than those treated by US graduates, and patients of IMGs had lower mortalities [OR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.99)] than patients of US citizens who trained abroad. Conclusions This study informed factors associated with the success and failure of IMGs and is the first systematic review on this topic, which can inform IMG selection and future studies. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42021252678

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Success In Qualifying Examsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors for success and failure in international medical graduates: a systematic review of prognostic factor studies

Schabort,

Abdar,

Couban

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Other complexities at the level of migrating health and care workers that are difficult to visually depict include the complexity across the life course, especially regarding transnational familial connections. Also, although the figure depicts the role of training along the pathway, it does not capture the important distinction between migrating health and care workers who are both born and trained outside of a transit or destination country, those who are born internationally but domestically trained (in some cases as international students), and those who are domestically born but internationally trained (c.f., [12].…”

Section: The Growing Complexity Of the Health And Care Worker Migrati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexities of health and care worker migration pathways and corresponding international reporting requirements

2023

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The increasing complexity of the migration pathways of health and care workers is a critical consideration in the reporting requirements of international agreements designed to address their impacts. There are inherent challenges across these different agreements including reporting functions that are misaligned across different data collection tools, variable capacity of country respondents, and a lack of transparency or accountability in the reporting process. Moreover, reporting processes often neglect to recognize the broader intersectional gendered and racialized political economy of health and care worker migration. We argue for a more coordinated approach to the various international reporting requirements and processes that involve building capacity within countries to report on their domestic situation in response to these codes and conventions, and internationally to make such reporting result in more than simply the sum of their responses, but to reflect cross-national and transnational interactions and relationships. These strategies would better enable policy interventions along migration pathways that would more accurately recognize the growing complexity of health worker migration leading to more effective responses to mitigate its negative effects for migrants, source, destination, and transit countries. While recognizing the multiple layers of complexity, we nevertheless reaffirm the fact that countries still have an ethical responsibility to undertake health workforce planning in their countries that does not overly rely on the recruitment of migrant health and care workers.

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“…This term is used for items 12 and 19 instead of "risk of bias" (which is more applicable to systematic reviews of interventions) to include and acknowledge the various sources of evidence that may be used in a scoping review (e.g., quantitative and/or qualitative research, expert opinion, and policy document). From: 48 Rourke et al 39 Mathews et al 90 Tate & Aoki 42 Sempowski et al 43 0 10 Shepherd & Burden 35 Mathews et al 44 Schroeder et al 38 Hogenbirk et al 33 Orzanco et al 41 Mitra et al 56 Woloschuk et al 52 Mathews et al 45 Lovato et al 38 Mitra et al 56 Sempowski et al 43 Wenghofer et al 32 Hutten-Czapski & Thurber 34 Lovato et al 16…”

Section: Structured Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Canadian physicians and their associations with practice patterns: a scoping review

et al. 2022

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Background: Physician characteristics such as education and sociodemographic attributes are associated with particular practice patterns, such as practice in rural settings. Understanding the Canadian context of such associations can inform medical school recruitment and health workforce decision-making. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to report the nature and extent of the literature on associations between characteristics of physicians in Canada and physicians’ practice patterns. Eligibility criteria: We included studies reporting associations between 1) the education or sociodemographic attributes of practicing physicians or residents in Canada and 2) practice patterns, including career choice, practice setting, and populations served. Methods: We searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE (R) ALL, Embase, ERIC, Education Source and Scopus) for quantitative primary studies and reviewed reference lists of included studies for additional studies. Data were extracted using a standardized data charting form. Results: Our search yielded 80 studies. Sixty-two examined education, evenly divided between undergraduate and postgraduate. Fifty-eight examined physicians’ attributes, most focusing on sex/gender. The majority of studies focused on the outcome of practice setting. We found no studies examining race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Many studies in our review found positive associations between (i) rural training or rural background and rural practice setting and (ii) location of training or physicians’ origin and practice in that location, consistent with previous literature. Associations for sex/gender were mixed, suggesting it may be a less useful target for workforce planning or recruitment aiming to address gaps in health care provision. More research is needed on the association of characteristics, particularly race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status, with career choice and populations served.

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Retention Patterns of Canadians Who Studied Medicine Abroad and Other International Medical Graduates

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Predictors for success and failure in international medical graduates: a systematic review of prognostic factor studies

Predictors for success and failure in international medical graduates: a systematic review of prognostic factor studies

Complexities of health and care worker migration pathways and corresponding international reporting requirements

Characteristics of Canadian physicians and their associations with practice patterns: a scoping review

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