Retentive Force of Glass-Ceramic Soldered Customized Zirconia Abutment Copings with Prefabricated Titanium Bases

Abstract

Two-piece abutments consisting of customized zirconia abutment copings and prefabricated titanium bases are popular due to their biological and esthetic advantages. Glass–ceramic solder (GS) is an alternative biocompatible connective agent. This in vitro study evaluated the retentive force of GS in comparison to classical resin composite cements (RC) after artificial aging and autoclaving. Ninety specimens consisting of prefabricated titanium bases and zirconia abutment copings were fabricated. The two parts of each specimen were fixed either by RC (n = 30) or GS with a luting space of either 30 µm (n = 30) or 100 µm (n = 30). Ten specimens of each group underwent autoclaving before artificial aging (water storage, thermocycling). Twenty specimens (including the 10 autoclaved specimens) of each group were exposed to a mechanical load. The retentive force between the zirconia and titanium in all specimens was determined. A fractographic analysis was performed to analyze the fracture surfaces of the GS specimens. The RC- and GS-connected two-piece abutments showed no relevant differences, independent of the luting space. RC appears to be more vulnerable to the thermal and mechanical loads than GS. Thus, GS may be an appropriate alternative to RC for two-piece abutments, especially for patients with enhanced biocompatibility requirements.

Multifunctional Hybrid Material for Endoprosthetic Implants Based on Alumina-Toughened Zirconia Ceramics and Additively Manufactured TiNbTa Alloy

“…Within TiNbTa alloys, oxide films, e.g., TiO2, Nb2O5, and Ta2O are formed [29,30], and the reaction of the chemical compounds in the surface layers with the glass solder is crucial in the formation of the material bond [17,18]. Hey et al [48] described the formation of Ti5Si3 due to the reaction of SiO2 with Ti using a comparable silica-based glass solder. Furthermore, in a study on the diffusion bonding of Al2O3 and cp-Ti, Travessa et al [49] described that at 800 °C Al2O3 dissolves in the presence of titanium and further reacts with titanium to form an intermetallic Ti3Al compound.…”

Multifunctional Hybrid Material for Endoprosthetic Implants Based on Alumina-Toughened Zirconia Ceramics and Additively Manufactured TiNbTa Alloys

“…Within the TiNbTa alloys, oxide films (e.g., TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , and Ta 2 O), are formed [74,75], and the reaction of the chemical compounds in the surface layers with the glass solder is crucial in the formation of the material bond [20,21]. Hey et al [76] described the formation of Ti 5 Si 3 due to the reaction of SiO 2 with Ti using a comparable silica-based glass solder. Furthermore, in a study on the diffusion bonding of Al 2 O 3 and cp-Ti, Travessa et al [77] described that, at 800 • C, Al 2 O 3 dissolves in the presence of titanium and further reacts with titanium to form an intermetallic Ti 3 Al compound.…”

Evaluation of the masking ability, marginal adaptation, and fracture resistance of screw-retained lithium disilicate implant-supported crowns cemented to titanium bases versus preparable abutments

“…The specimens were then aged using a thermocycling machine made specifically for the purpose (Dental biomaterials Department, Alexandria University, Egypt) for 2000 cycles, or 3 months of clinical service, in water baths between 5 and 55 degrees Celsius with dwell times of 1 min in each bath and relaxation periods of 30 s in air between the 2 baths [ 20 ]. The specimens were subsequently secured to a specially designed cyclic loading apparatus (Dental biomaterials Department, Alexandria University, Egypt) and loaded with an average functional masticatory force of 50 N over a mean of 120 000 cycles [ 21 ].…”