Rethinking cognition and behavior in the new classification for childhood epilepsy: Examples from frontal lobe and temporal lobe epilepsies

Smith, Mary Lou

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.050

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A number of studies have shown that the frontal cortex exerts an important effect on human emotion and cognitive function. [ 25 26 ] Consistently, the results by neuropsychological tests in this study suggested an impaired frontal cognitive function in esophageal cancer patients complicated with depression. Along with the severity of depression, the cognitive impairment also increases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Correlation between Electroencephalogram Alterations and Frontal Cognitive Impairment in Esophageal Cancer Patients Complicated with Depression

Cao

Xia

Xie

et al. 2017

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background:Some esophageal cancer patients complicated with depression exhibit cognitive impairments. Frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) may be used as a reliable biomarker for prefrontal-mediated cognitive functions. This study was to investigate alterations of EEG and frontal cognitive impairment in esophageal cancer patients complicated with depression and to assess their correlation.Methods:Sixty-five esophageal cancer patients with depression (study group) and 62 healthy controls (control group) were included in this study. The study group were assigned into psychotic depressed (PD, n = 32) and nonpsychotic depressed (NPD, n = 33) subgroups based on complication with psychotic symptoms (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS] >35). EEG examination, Beck self-rating depression scale, and BPRS were used to assess clinical symptoms. Chi-square test, two independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test were utilized to compare the variables between two groups. EEG abnormalities and scores of frontal cognitive function test were analyzed by partial correlation analysis in the PD and NPD subgroups.Results:Compared with control group, the study group displayed greater scores either in the Stroop test (19.89 ± 2.05 vs. 24.12 ± 2.19, P = 0.006) or Color Trails Test (CTT; 11.92 ± 1.01 vs. 15.02 ± 1.63, P = 0.008), and reduced score (35.05 ± 2.01 vs. 32.11 ± 2.38, P = 0.007) in the verbal fluency test (VFT). Compared to NPD subgroup, PD subgroup exhibited increased scores in Stroop test (22.89 ± 2.07 vs. 25.38 ± 2.32, P = 0.009) and CTT (13.16 ± 1.71 vs. 15.82 ± 1.13, P = 0.008). Moreover, increased scores in Stroop test and CTT as well as scores in VFT were associated with the severity of depression. The study group had an abnormal frontal EEG, such as α forward, α asymmetry, α moderation, and increased θ activity relative to control group. Similarly, compared with NPD subgroup, PD subgroup displayed α forward, α asymmetry, and α moderation. The correlation test revealed that α forward and α asymmetry were negatively associated with VFT score, but positively correlated with the scores of CTT and the Stroop test in PD subgroup. In addition, α asymmetry in NPD subgroup was positively related to CTT scores.Conclusion:This study indicated that frontal cognitive impairment in esophageal cancer patients complicated with depression is associated with EEG alterations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Correlation between Electroencephalogram Alterations and Frontal Cognitive Impairment in Esophageal Cancer Patients Complicated with Depression

Cao

Xia

Xie

et al. 2017

Chinese Medical Journal

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“…Similarly, genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE) were thought to have neuropsychological deficits restricted to attention and executive function, but a recent meta-analysis of patients with GGE, including juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, demonstrated impairment in all cognitive domains except for visuospatial abilities and, of note, without disproportionate impairment of executive function (Loughman, Bowden, & D’Souza, 2014). Likewise, neuropsychological impairments may be broader than anticipated in FLE and related to distributed brain anomalies (Braakman et al, 2012, 2014, 2015), with distinctions between focal epilepsy syndromes in children with epilepsy (e.g., temporal versus frontal) often less crisp than believed, this due to several factors including the impact of epilepsy on neurodevelopmental processes (Smith, 2016).…”

Section: Neurobiology Of Cognitive Disorders In Epilepsy: Expanding Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This notion was also challenged by a recent meta-analysis of patients with GGE including juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, showing an adverse impact on all cognitive domains except for visuospatial abilities (Loughman, Bowden, & D’Souza, 2014) and, of particular note, there was not disproportionate impairment of executive function. Similarly, neuropsychological distinctions between focal epilepsy syndromes in children with epilepsy (e.g., temporal versus frontal lobe epilepsy) are far less crisp than believed, like due to the overriding impact of epilepsy on normal neurodevelopmental processes (Smith, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigm Shifts in the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy

Hermann

Loring

Wilson

2017

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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This article reviews the major paradigm shifts that have occurred in the area of the application of clinical and experimental neuropsychology to epilepsy and epilepsy surgery since the founding of the International Neuropsychological Society. The five paradigm shifts discussed include: 1) The neurobiology of cognitive disorders in epilepsy – expanding the landscape of syndrome-specific neuropsychological impairment; 2) pathways to comorbidities: bidirectional relationships and their clinical implications; 3) discovering quality of life: The concept, its quantification and applicability; 4) outcomes of epilepsy surgery: challenging conventional wisdom; and 5) Iatrogenic effects of treatment: cognitive and behavioral effects of antiepilepsy drugs. For each area we characterize the status of knowledge, the key developments that have occurred, and how they have altered our understanding of the epilepsies and their management. We conclude with a brief overview of where we believe the field will be headed in the next decade which includes changes in assessment paradigms, moving from characterization of comorbidities to interventions; increasing development of new measures, terminology and classification; increasing interest in neurodegenerative proteins; transitioning from clinical seizure features to modifiable risk factors; and neurobehavioral phenotypes. Overall, enormous progress has been made over the lifespan of the INS with promise of ongoing improvements in understanding of the cognitive and behavioral complications of the epilepsies and their treatment. (JINS, 2017,23, 791–805)

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“…But some incongruities in the classic model have accumulated over the years, in part due to studies involving broad-based neuropsychological assessment comprehensively overviewing human cognition as well as by head-to-head cognitive comparisons of epilepsy syndromes. Rather than the expected selective cognitive abnormalities linked to syndrome-specific pathophysiology, either a) more widespread and arguably unexpected cognitive anomaly has been reported when epilepsy syndromes are studied in depth (e.g., generalized cognitive abnormalities in focal epilepsies) ( Braakman et al, 2015 , Guimaraes et al, 2007 , Hwang et al, 2019 , Marques et al, 2007 , Oyegbile et al, 2004 , Rzezak et al, 2007 ) or, b) in head-to-head comparisons of two or more epilepsy syndromes, considerably shared versus unique syndrome-specific cognitive abnormality is notable ( Baxendale and Thompson, 2010 , Braakman et al, 2015 , Bremm et al, 2019 , Guimaraes et al, 2007 , Hwang et al, 2019 , Jackson et al, 2013 , Marques et al, 2007 , Oyegbile et al, 2004 , Rzezak et al, 2007 , Smith, 2016 , Wang et al, 2011 ), or c) particular cognitive impairments (e.g., dysexecutive function) have been found to cut across multiple epilepsy syndromes ( Conant et al, 2010 , Neri et al, 2012 , Stretton and Thompson, 2012 , Verche et al, 2018 , Verrotti et al, 2015 , Wandschneider et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These empirical findings, summarized in narrative, systematic and meta-analytic reviews ( Fonseca Wald et al, 2019 , Loughman et al, 2014 , Nickels et al, 2016 , Smith, 2016 , Wickens et al, 2017 , Wilson and Baxendale, 2014 ), appear complementary to modern neuroimaging studies detecting more extended than anticipated abnormalities in brain structure and connectivity within several epilepsy syndromes ( Keller et al, 2015 , Lin et al, 2007 , McDonald et al, 2008 , Nuyts et al, 2017 , Otte et al, 2012 , Slinger et al, 2016 , van Diessen et al, 2014 , Whelan et al, 2018 ), contributing to the contemporary perspective that neuropsychological abnormalities result from disruption in widely distributed cognition-dependent neuronal circuitry ( Rayner and Tailby, 2017 , Rayner et al, 2019 , Wilson and Baxendale, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network, clinical and sociodemographic features of cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy

Hermann

Conant

Cook

et al. 2020

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Highlights Cognitive impairment is a major comorbidity of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Three discrete cognitive phenotypes of TLE are identified here. The phenotypes are linked to network, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics. This taxonomy advances clinical and theoretical understanding of the cognitive complications of TLE.

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Rethinking cognition and behavior in the new classification for childhood epilepsy: Examples from frontal lobe and temporal lobe epilepsies

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Correlation between Electroencephalogram Alterations and Frontal Cognitive Impairment in Esophageal Cancer Patients Complicated with Depression

Correlation between Electroencephalogram Alterations and Frontal Cognitive Impairment in Esophageal Cancer Patients Complicated with Depression

Paradigm Shifts in the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy

Network, clinical and sociodemographic features of cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy

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