Rethinking inhibition theory: On the problematic status of the inhibition theory for forgetting

Raaijmakers, Jeroen G. W.; Jakab, Emőke

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.10.002

Cited by 117 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, a greater amount of irrelevant information is not restrained and/or deleted, which produces more interference. These inhibition deficits have been used to explain various impairments in older adults' cognition, such as increased distractibility (Wascher et al 2012), time needed for an appropriate response (Anguera and Gazzaley 2012), forgetting because of codification inefficiency and competition of related concepts (Raaijmakers and Jakab 2013), difficulty in understanding speech when background speech or noise is present (Tun et al 2002), and difficulty in ignoring visually distracting information while reading (K. Z. Li et al 1998).…”

Section: Inhibition and The Aging Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations

et al. 2014

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In the previous fifteen years, a variety of experimental paradigms and methods have been employed to study inhibition. In the current review, we analyze studies that have used the high temporal resolution of the event-related potential (ERP) technique to identify the temporal course of inhibition to understand the various processes that contribute to inhibition. ERP studies with a focus on normal aging are specifically analyzed because they contribute to a deeper understanding of inhibition. Three time windows are proposed to organize the ERP data collected using inhibition paradigms: the 200 ms period following stimulus onset; the period between 200 and 400 ms after stimulus onset; and the period between 400 and 800 ms after stimulus onset. In the first 200 ms, ERP inhibition research has primarily focused on N1 and P1 as the ERP components associated with inhibition. The inhibitory processing in the second time window has been associated with the N2 and P3 ERP components. Finally, in the third time window, inhibition has primarily been associated with the N400 and N450 ERP components. Source localization studies are analyzed to examine 2 the association between the inhibition processes that are indexed by the ERP components and their functional brain areas. Inhibition can be organized in a complex functional structure that is not constrained to a specific time point but, rather, extends its activity through different time windows. This review characterizes inhibition as a set of processes rather than a unitary process.

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Section: Inhibition and The Aging Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations

et al. 2014

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“…In contrast, according to interference theory, any practice that increases memory strength of the Rp+ items relative to the Rp-items should produce retrieval-induced forgetting, regardless of whether retrieval is involved. A detailed discussion regarding these assumptions are beyond the scope of the present paper (for reviews, see Anderson, 2003;Murayama, Miyatsu, Buchli, & Storm, 2014;Raaijmakers & Jakab, 2013;Verde, 2012).…”

Section: Overview Of the Main Principles In The Inhibition Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critics of this approach (Raaijmakers & Jakab, 2013) have rightfully argued that attempting to correlate two change scores (i.e., testing effect and retrieval-induced forgetting) may result in no correlation simply because change scores are unreliable. When viewed with this critique in mind, the significant correlation in Experiment 2 is even more telling.…”

Section: Additional Analyses Based On Data From All Four Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raaijmakers & E. Jakab, 2013) or context reinstatement (T. R. Jonker, P. Seli, & C. M. MacLeod, 2013), whereas others claim that retrieval-induced forgetting is better explained by inhibition (M. C. Anderson, 2003). A fundamental assumption of the inhibition account is that nonpracticed items are suppressed because they compete for retrieval during initial testing.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The two major accounts for retrieval-induced forgetting appeal to two fundamental cognitive processes: competitive interference and inhibition. 1 Based on traditional interference theories, some researchers (Raaijmakers & Jakab, 2013;Verde, 2013) argue that selective retrieval of the Rp+ exemplars increases their item 1 In a recent paper, Jonker and MacLeod (2013) proposed a context account that provides an alternative explanation for retrieval-induced forgetting. We address this account in more detail in the General Discussion.…”

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Retrieval induces forgetting, but only when nontested items compete for retrieval: Implication for interference, inhibition, and context reinstatement.

Chan

Erdman

Davis

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The mechanism responsible for retrieval-induced forgetting has been the subject of rigorous theoretical debate, with some researchers postulating that retrieval-induced forgetting can be explained by interference ( J. G .W. Raaijmakers & E. Jakab, 2013) or context reinstatement (T. R. Jonker, P. Seli, & C. M. MacLeod, 2013), whereas others claim that retrieval-induced forgetting is better explained by inhibition (M. C. Anderson, 2003). A fundamental assumption of the inhibition account is that nonpracticed items are suppressed because they compete for retrieval during initial testing. In the current study, we manipulated competition in a novel interpolated testing paradigm by having subjects learn the nonpracticed items either before (high-competition condition) or after (low-competition condition) they practiced retrieval of the target items. We found retrieval-induced forgetting for the nonpracticed competitors only when they were studied before retrieval practice. This result provides support for a critical assumption of the inhibition account. RETRIEVAL-INDUCED FORGETTING AND COMPETITION 2 Authors' NoteMatthew Erdman, who is now at Trane (Ingersoll Rand), collected the data from Experiments 1 and 2 as part of his dissertation. The data from Experiments 3 were 4 were collected by SaraDavis. Jason Chan wrote the manuscript. RETRIEVAL-INDUCED FORGETTING AND COMPETITION 3 AbstractThe mechanism responsible for retrieval-induced forgetting has been the subject of rigorous

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Inhibition in Memory

Raaijmakers

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

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In the past 20 years, a new approach to forgetting has been proposed, based on the notion of inhibition. According to this view forgetting is partly due to a process of inhibitory control. In this chapter, I review the current status of this account, discussing the evidence that has been proposed as well as the counterarguments that have been made. I show that the paradigms that are likely to generate the best evidence for inhibition are the retrieval induced forgetting paradigm and the think / no-think paradigm. Other paradigms such as directed forgetting and part-list cuing seem to be better explained using other memory principles. I conclude that there is a need for a consistent and preferably formalized model that combines inhibition and competition as principal factors in forgetting.

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Rethinking inhibition theory: On the problematic status of the inhibition theory for forgetting

Cited by 117 publications

References 117 publications

Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations

Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations

Retrieval induces forgetting, but only when nontested items compete for retrieval: Implication for interference, inhibition, and context reinstatement.

Inhibition in Memory

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